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The Use And Misuse Of Machines That Simulate Human Cognition

The Use And Misuse Of Machines That Simulate Human Cognition. Hall Beck, PhD Office: 215 Smith-Wright Hall. The Goals of Our Class. 1) To learn about the appropriate and inappropriate uses of automation.

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The Use And Misuse Of Machines That Simulate Human Cognition

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  1. The Use And Misuse Of Machines That Simulate Human Cognition Hall Beck, PhD Office: 215 Smith-Wright Hall

  2. The Goals of Our Class 1) To learn about the appropriate and inappropriate uses of automation. 2) To speculate on how automation will impact our world and how we might study that world before it exists. 3) To provide you with an example of the scientific pursuit of knowledge. 4) To discover something about yourself and how you interact with your world

  3. What Is Automation ? Any sensing, detection, information-processing, decision-making, or control action that could be performed by humans but is actually performed by a machine” (Moray, Inagaki, & Itoh, 2000) Automation is usually viewed as a continuum, ranging from manual control to full automation.

  4. Some Quotes About Technology But lo!! Men have become the tools of their tools. - Henry David Thoreau

  5. Some Quotes About Technology It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity. - Albert Einstein

  6. Some Quotes About Technology We live in a time when automation is ushering in a second industrial revolution. - Adlai E. Stephenson

  7. Some Quotes About Technology The first rule of a technology used in a business is that automation applied to an efficient operation will magnify efficiency. The second is that automation applied to an inefficient operation will magnify inefficiency. - Bill Gates

  8. Four Generations of Artificial Environments (AEs) Where we have been, where we are, and where we are going

  9. First Generation Unidirectional Communication-Information moves from the machine to the person but not the person to the machine.

  10. Second Generation Bidirectional Communication-Information moves from the machine to the person and from the person to the machine.

  11. Third Generation Virtual Reality-Information moves from the machine to the person and from the person to the machine. Ideally, the synthetic environment is indistinguishable from the actual environment.

  12. Fourth Generation Life Simulation-The synthetic and actual environments are indistinguishable and the person does not know whether they are in an actual or synthetic world.

  13. Automation Usage Decisions (AUDs) AUDs: Choices in which a human operator has the option of using manual control or one or more levels of automation (LOAs) to perform a task.

  14. Some AUDs Are Commonplace Checkbooks may be balanced with a calculator or by mental computation Automobiles can be set to cruise control or the driver may operate the accelerator pedal Stock purchases may be based on the output of software programs or investors may depend upon their subjective assessment of the market

  15. Some AUDs Have Historic Consequences Casey Jones Pearl Harbor Three Mile Island

  16. Some AUDs Have Historic Consequences USS Greenville 2000 Election

  17. Types of Automation Static: Level of automation is set a the design stage Adaptive: Level of automation varies depending upon the situation

  18. Optimal And Suboptimal AUDs If it is assumed that the objective is to perform a task, the optimal AUD is to employ the level of control, manual through full automation, that maximizes the likelihood of a successful outcome. A suboptimal AUD is a choice to use a level of control that does not maximize the likelihood of successfully performing a task.

  19. Types of Suboptimal AUDs Misuse is over reliance, employing automation when manual control or a relatively low LOA has a greater likelihood of success Disuse is the under utilization of automation, manually performing a task that could best be done by a machine or a higher LOA.

  20. Errors Resulting in Misuse and/or Disuse Recognition Errors-Operator fails to recognize that an alternative, either automated or manual, is available. Appraisal Errors-Operator inaccurately estimates the utilities of the options. Intent Errors (also called action errors)-Operator knowingly selects the alternative that does not maximize the likelihood of task success.

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