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By Ms. Zhong Jie, Yunnan of China

The Impact of Tourist Labor Migration on Yunnan Women’s Economic and Social Status -a case study on ethnic group of Yunnan. By Ms. Zhong Jie, Yunnan of China. 1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT.

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By Ms. Zhong Jie, Yunnan of China

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  1. The Impact of Tourist Labor Migration on Yunnan Women’s Economic and Social Status-a case study on ethnic group of Yunnan By Ms. Zhong Jie, Yunnan of China

  2. 1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT • Poverty is prominent along the rural areas in the GMS countries, and the tourism industry has become a way for people (ESCAP, 2005), especially ethnic women to add their income and enhance their cultural identity. • Tourist labor migration has already appeared currently in China (YANG Zhao, 2005).

  3. 1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT • As tourism migration has been on the rise in recent years, it will inevitably impact on laborers, especially female laborers in many aspects. • In Yunnan Province, for example, women of ethnic groups have also begun seeking opportunities for employment in the tourism industry. • Actually, the Tourist Labor Migration becomes an important factor to impact on Yunnan Women in many aspects, such as their economic and social status (Zhong Jie, 2010).

  4. 1. RESEARCH PROBLEM STATEMENT • In these contexts, the research problem is to document the positive or negative aspects of women’s economic and social status in terms of income, education, occupation, wealth, and women’s empowerment, under the background of Tourist Labor Migration.

  5. 2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS • What’s the Tourist Labor Migration situation and challenges faced by female migrants in Yunnan? • Could female migrants increase their income by employment in tourism industry? • What’s the impact of Tourist Labor Migration on the economic and Social status of Yunnan women?

  6. 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES • Measuring the change of Yunnan female migrants’ income and social status by employment in tourism industry; • Convincing policy makers that employment in tourism industry is an option of female migrants to increase theirincome and enhance their traditional cultural identity; • Generating national and international policy dialogue on Tourist Labor Migration and development with a gender perspective for maximizing the benefit.

  7. 4.Conceptual Framework & Hypothesis H1 education income H2 Female Migrants’ Economic and Status H0 Tourist Labor Migration H3 wealth H4 occupation Topic: The Impact of Tourist Labor Migration on Yunnan Women’s Economic and Social Status

  8. Income • Income refers to wages, salaries, profits, rents, and any flow of earnings received. • Income can also come in the form of unemployment or workers compensation, social security, pensions, interests or dividends, royalties, trusts, alimony, or other governmental, public, or family financial assistance.

  9. Education • Educational attainment is preferable to analyze for SES because it can be figured for all individuals. • A person’s educational attainment is considered to be the highest level (grade or degree) of education they have completed.Education also plays a role in income.

  10. Occupation • Occupational prestige as one component of SES, encompasses both income and educational attainment. • Occupational status reflects the educational attainment required to obtain the job and income levels that vary with different jobs and within ranks of occupations. Additionally, it shows achievement in skills required for the job. • Occupational status measures social position by describing job characteristics, decision making ability and control, and psychological demands on the job.

  11. Wealth • Wealth, a set of economic reserves or assets, presents a source of security providing a measure of a household's ability to meet emergencies, absorb economic shocks, or provide the means to live comfortably. • Wealth reflects intergenerational transitions as well as accumulation of income and savings. • Income, age, marital status, family size, religion, occupation, and education are all predictors for wealth attainment.

  12. 5. SCOPE OF RESEARCH AND STUDY AREA • This study is concerned with the impact of Tourist Labor Migration (TLM) on Yunnan Women’s economic and social status. • For the limitations of fund and time, this research only focus on women in Yunnan Province . Bai People, Yunnan

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