The Civil War: 1861-1865

1. The Civil War: 1861-1865 Life During the Civil War

2. Lives of Soldiers:The Reality of War • In both, N & S, civilians and soldiers suffered throughout the war • At start, men on both sides rushed to enlist • Not so much the case later • Most of time, soldiers lived in camps • Had pleasant moments • Songs, stories, letters, games, etc. • Mostly dull… drills, bad food, marches and rain • Reality of war not far away though • Suffered terrible losses • New weapons fired w/ greater accuracy & distance • Med facilities overwhelmed w/ casualties & wounded • After Shiloh some waited in rain for 24+ hours waiting for treatment!!! • Many died waiting in agony • b/c of horrors, many deserted • 1 of 11 Union soldiers • 1 of 8 Rebs • Rebs faced extreme lack of food and supplies

3. Women in the War:Background • b/c of war, many women took on new roles • Teachers, office workers, salesclerks, gov’t workers, factories, farms, etc. • Suffered losses of husbands, fathers, brothers, and sons • Performed many jobs to help cause • Rolled bandages, wove blankets, made ammo, etc. • Children helped too • Collected food, clothing, medicine, raised $$$, etc.

4. Women in the War:Life at Home http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6du2B10K2w • N saw war from distance • Most battles in South • News and letters kept them up to date • Every woman who stayed home suffered • Dailey life changed but… • N faced little disruption • S was drastically changed though • Battles in back yard and blockade disrupted life • If in path of war, lost homes and crops • War rages on, shortages become common • South ran out of everything • Feed for animals, salt for curing meat, clothing, medicine, and shelter • What had went to soldiers first, too!

5. Women in the War:Spies Like Us • Some woman became spies • Harriet Tubman spied for N • Rose O’Neil Greenhow • Entertained Union leaders in N & sent info to the S • Later caught, convicted of treason, & exiled • Belle Boyd informed Rebs of Union mvmts in VA • Some even became soldiers!!! • Loretta JanetaValázquez • Fought for Rebs at 1st Battle of Bull Run & Shiloh • Later becomes a Reb spy Dude looks like a Lady!!! Loretta JanetaValázquezdresses as man to fight for Confederacy at Bull Run and Shiloh

6. Women in the War:Treating the Sick & Wounded • First time, Civil War saw women become nurses • By the 1,000’s • Drs. did not approve at first • Women too delicate • Considered it man’s work • Improper for women to tend to bodies of unknown men • Dorothea Dix • Organized many women in North as nurses • Clara Barton • Became famous for her work w/ the wounded in North • Later founds “The American Red Cross” • Sally Tompkins • Est hospital for wounded soldiers in South • Nursing hard work • Women did a remarkable job • Ironically leads to stereotype of women only as nurses, not men!

7. Opposition to the War: Background • The war efforts faced opposition on both sides • Politicians objected to wartime policies • Citizens protested the affect on their lives • When war began, Dems split into 2 • 1 side supported Lincoln’s war policies • The “Peace Dems” wanted to negotiate instead • Warned policies would lead to social change & revolution • Also appealed to racist Northern whites • Many believed they were secretly aiding the Rebs • Lincoln ordered the arrest of anyone interfering w/ the war efforts • This meant suspension of habeas corpus, guarantees accused the right to a hearing b4 being jailed

8. Opposition to the War:Enlistments Decline • War drags on… number of volunteers declined • Getting enough soldiers becomes a problem • Both try something new • April 1862- • Rebs pass draft law • Requires men b/t age of 18-35 to serve in army for 3 years • Could get out by paying money • Yanks tried to get volunteers by offering bounties • March 1863- bounty system fails and Yanks turn to draft • All men b/t ages 18-45 had to register • Names drawn, but could get out by paying $300 • Draft laws upset many • Protests erupt into riots… • Worst in NYC in July 1863 • Mobs in NYC burned, looted, and killed in protest • After 4 days, 100+ were killed • Yanks brought in to stop it • Nothing as bad in South, but… • Davis suspends habeas corpus too • Made rebs mad… feared lose rts went to war for in 1st place!!!

9. War and the Economy Bkgd. The North Prospers • War strained both their economies • North had better resources • Better able to cope than South • Both Union and Confederates funded war w/ loans, taxes, printing money • Union borrowed 2 billion • Rebs borrowed 700 million • Both imposed new taxes • N passes income tax in 1861, South too, but later • Neither way gave enough money, so… • Began printing extra paper $$$ • Leads to inflation • During war, prices rose faster than wages • Caused great hardships for people • Northern Econ booms • Econ based on industry • Steady supply of factory-made products needed • Production grew in response to demands of war • Army needed many items • Food, guns, ammo, shoes, uniforms, etc. • Industrial Revolution machines help produce w/ lower work force

10. War and the Economy:Economic Troubles in the South • Often called 1st modern war • Required total commitment of resources • Impacts all aspects of life everywhere • Much more devastating in the South though • South struggled • Had little industry to make what they needed • Most fighting in the South • Farmland destroyed & rail lines torn-up too • South lay in ruins, 1,000’s homeless • Blockade caused severe shortages in essential goods • Food riots in Atlanta, Richmond, & other cities • Inflation worse in South too • Prices rose 9,000% in South!!! • Only 80% in North • Conditions affected soldiers • Worries about families caused many to desert • “We are poor men and are willing to defend our country, but our families (come) first.”