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Gravimetric Analysis and Chemical Formulas

Learn about empirical and molecular formulas, calculating masses, and identifying excess reactants in chemical analysis. Understand the step-by-step process and how to determine compound properties accurately.

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Gravimetric Analysis and Chemical Formulas

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  1. Chapter 2 – Analysis by Mass

  2. Gravimetric Analysis • The quantitative analysis of substances based on the measurement of mass is called gravimetric analysis. • It is also used to determine the chemical formula of a compound.

  3. Empirical Formulas • Chemical analysis enables us to determine the empirical formula of a compound. • This is the simplest whole number ratio of the atoms present in the compound.

  4. Finding the Empirical Formula • Set up the ratio • Find the moles of each substance • Divide all results by the smallest number • Write empirical formula

  5. Molecular Formulas • A molecular formula gives the actual number of atoms of each element present in a molecule of a compound. • The molecular formula of a compound is not necessarily the same as the empirical formula.

  6. Finding the Molecular Formula • Find empirical formula. • Find M of empirical formula • Divide molar mass in question by this number. • Multiple empirical formula by this result. • Write molecular formula.

  7. Calculating Masses of Reactants and Products • Write a balanced equation. • Calculate the amount, in mol, of the substance with the known mass. • Use mole ratio to find amount, in mol, of substance from question. • Answer the question…find the mass of this substance.

  8. Excess Reactants • Write a balanced equation. • Find the amount, in mol, of both reactants. • Determine which is in excess, using the mol ratios. • Use limiting reagent to find mol of substance in question. • Answer the question…find the mass.

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