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CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 4. The basics of sensation and perception by Shirmeen Ijaz. SENSATION. Sensations can be defined as the stimulation of sense organs. It is a process of bringing information from the world into the body and to the brain. Five senses. Eyes Ears Nose Skin Tongue. PERCEPTION.

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CHAPTER 4

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  1. CHAPTER 4 The basics of sensation and perception by ShirmeenIjaz

  2. SENSATION • Sensations can be defined as the stimulation of sense organs. It is a process of bringing information from the world into the body and to the brain.

  3. Five senses • Eyes • Ears • Nose • Skin • Tongue

  4. PERCEPTION • Perception is a process that takes place in our brain, it involves understanding. • Sensation and Perception work together - one isn't much good without the other.

  5. THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESSThe process of perception consist of six steps.

  6. THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS • Environmental stimulus The environmental stimulus is everything in our environment that has the potential to be perceived, e.g, light or sound. • Transduction Transduction converts energy in the environment into electrical energy. Combining the environmental stimulus with transduction generates a sensation.

  7. Processing • The electrical signals then undergo neural processing. The path followed by a particular signal depends on what type of signal it is (i.e. an auditory signal or a visual signal). Through the series of interconnect neurons located throughout the body, electrical signals are propagated from the receptors cells to the brain.

  8. Perception In the next step of the perception process, we actually perceive the stimulus object in the environment. It is at this point that we become consciously aware of the stimulus. (Figure out the sensation) • Recognition Perception doesn't just involve becoming consciously aware of the stimuli. It is also necessary for our brain to categorize and interpret what it is we are sensing. Our ability to interpret and give meaning to the object is known as recognition.

  9. Action (action or doing something because of a stimulus) The final step of the perceptual process involves some sort of action in response to the environmental stimulus. This could involve a variety of actions, such as turning your head for a closer look or turning away to look at something else. The action phase of perceptual development involves some type of motor action that occurs in response to the perceived and recognized stimulus.

  10. THE PERCEPTUAL PROCESS

  11. NEURON • The basic purpose of a neuron is to receive incoming information and, based upon that information, send a signal to other neurons, brain and parts of body.

  12. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF A NEURON Sensory receptor The basic purpose of a neuron is to receive incoming information and, based upon that information, send a signal to other neurons, muscles, or glands. There are 3 types of neurons. • Sensory neurons. From senses to CNS • Motor neurons. From CNS to other parts of the body 3. Interneuron. Provide connection between sensory and motor neurons. Located entirely within the spinal cord or CNS Relationship Among Different Types of Neurons Sensory neuron Interneuron Motor neuron Muscle or Gland

  13. FOUR LOBES OF THE CEREBRAL CORTEX Movement, decision-making, problem solving, and planning. Pressure, touch, and pain. Visual processing Auditory, taste & smell processing

  14. END

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