Contribute to health and safety of self and others

1. Contribute to health and safety of self and others BSBWHS201 P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

2. What is Workplace Health & Safety (WHS) • It is legislation designed to protect the health and safety of all stakeholders in the workplace from exposure to hazards and risks resulting from work activities. • It does this by: • Setting out obligations for employers and workers. • Providing regulations and Codes of Practice. • Heavy penalties are imposed upon employers who breach the provisions of the Act. • Worksafe Queensland have put together this video – An Introduction to Workplace Health And Safety P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

3. WHS Legislation • Australia now operates under a nationally uniform WHS legislation to ensure all Australian workers have the same standard of WHS protection. The new laws replace the old existing legislation as of 1 January 2012. • Legislation consists of: • Acts • Regulations • Code of Practice P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

4. WHS Act 2011 • The Workplace Health and Safety Act provides a framework to protect the health, safety and welfare of all workers at work. The Act is a formal description of law that is legally binding. • It also provides information on how to identify hazards and risks in the workplace and also protects the health and safety of all other people who might be affected by the work. • All workers are protected by the WHS Act, including: • employees • contractors • subcontractors • outworkers • apprentices and trainees • work experience students • volunteers • employers who perform work. • The WHS Act also provides protection for the general public so that their health and safety is not placed at risk by work activities. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

5. WHS Act 2011 • The WHS Act places the primary health and safety duty on a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU). The PCBU must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of workers at the workplace. Duties are also placed on officers of a PCBU, workers and other persons at a workplace • The WHS Act also sets out the requirements for the following: • incident notification • consultation with workers • issue resolution • inspector powers and functions • offences and penalties. • Further information – Workplace Health & Safety Act 2011 P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

6. WHS Regulation 2011 The WHS Regulation specifies the way in which a duty under the WHS Act must be performed and prescribes procedural or administrative matters to support the WHS Act. • It describes how to prevent or minimise a risk at your workplace. You must do what the regulation says. • If a risk at your workplace is not covered by the regulation or code of practice then you must choose an appropriate way to manage exposure to the risk. • A person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) must, where there is no regulation or code of practice about a risk, eliminate or minimise risks so far as is reasonably practicable. • Further Information – WHS Regulation 2011 P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

7. Codes of Practice • A code of practice is a practical guide on how to comply with the requirements of the QHS Act. These codes give guidance on: • how to achieve the standards required under the Act • effective ways to identify and manage risks. • A code of practice applies to anyone who has a duty of care in the circumstances described in the code. In most cases, following an approved code of practice would achieve compliance with the health and safety duties in the Act, in relation to the subject matter of the code. • Like regulations, codes of practice deal with particular issues and do not cover all hazards or risks which may arise. The health and safety duties require duty holders to consider all risks associated with work, not only those for which regulations and codes of practice exist. • Codes of Practice can be used as evidence in legal proceedings to provide information on how a hazard or risk can be controlled or managed and to determine what was reasonably practicable in the circumstances discussed. • Codes of Practice are not mandatory and a duty holder may choose to use some other way to achieve compliance. • Further Information – Codes of Practice P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

8. Duty Holders –Person Conducting a Business Undertaking (PCBU) • The WHS laws require a person conducting a business or undertaking (PCBU) to ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of their workers while at work in the business or undertaking. • A PCBU can be a sole trader (for example a self employed person), a partnership, a company, an unincorporated association, a government department, a public authority (including a municipal council). • A PCBU must: • Ensure, so far as is reasonably practical, the health and safety of workers in the workplace. • Provide information, training, instruction or supervision necessary to protect all persons from health and safety risks. • Provide adequate facilities for the welfare of workers when carrying out their work. • Provide safety equipment. • Provide policies and procedures to ensure safe work procedures are followed. • Ensure the health of workers and the conditions at the workplace are monitored for the purpose of preventing illness or injury. • Ensure the provision of ensuring access to those facilities. • Ensure that hazardous substances are correctly handled, stored and transported. • Further Information - Worksafe Qld – Definition of a PCBU • Further Information – Worksafe Qld – Duties of a PCBU P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

9. Duty Holders – Health & Safety Officers • Officers have a duty to exercise due diligence to ensure their organisation complies with their duties and obligations under the WHS Act. An officer can be found guilty of an offence regardless of whether the organisation has been found guilty. • In particular, the WHS laws impose a specific duty on officers of corporations and unincorporated bodies such as clubs and associations to exercise due diligence to ensure that the corporation, club or association meets its work health and safety obligations. This requires officers to be proactive in ensuring that the corporation, club or association complies with its duties. • A volunteer officer cannot be prosecuted for failing to comply with their officer duties under the Work Health and Safety Act 2011. A volunteer officer can however be prosecuted in their capacity as a worker if they fail to meet their duties as a worker under the WHS Act. • Duties of an officer include: • Represent the work group in health and safety matters • Investigate work health and safety complaints from work group members • Monitor measures taken by the PCBU in relation to health and safety of workers • Undertaking workplace inspections Further Information - Worksafe Qld – Definition of a Safety Officer Worksafe Qld – Duties of a Safety Officer P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

10. Duty Holders - Workers • Workers are classified as any person who carries out work, in any capacity, for a PCBU. • Workers must: • take reasonable care for his or her own health and safety • take reasonable care that his or her acts or omissions do not adversely affect the health and safety of others • Comply with any reasonable instruction that is given by the PCBU to allow the person to comply with the Act • Co-operate with any reasonable policy or procedure relating to health or safety that the business or undertaking has notified its workers of. • Further Information – Worksafe Qld - Definition of a Worker • Further Information - Worksafe Qld - Duties of a Worker P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

11. What is a Hazard • A Hazard is a situation that has the potential to cause harm to a person. Hazards can occur in all areas of any business. In order to prevent accidents or injury in the workplace it is important to identify the hazard, assess the risk and make changes to control the risk and review the risk controls. • Hazards can be categorised into several types, for example: • Physical hazard • Mechanical Hazard • Chemical Hazard • Environmental Hazard • For more information about the following general hazards go to: Work Safe Queensland • Injury Prevention: • Slip, Trips and Falls: • Heat Stress: • Noise: • Electricity: • Hazardous Substances: • Dangers in your workplace P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

12. Hazards Continued • Some common hazards can include: • Leaving boxes in walkways • Leaving filing cabinet draws open • Leaving electrical cords laying on the floor • Overloading shelves • Malfunctioning electrical equipment • Wet, slippery or greasy floors • Carryout repetitive tasks, such as data entry • Poor lighting • High levels of noise from machinery, radios etc • Incorrectly lifting or carrying heavy or awkward objects • Fatigue • Sexual harassment, physical threats of violence, bullying • Further Information – Virtual Office provides further information on possible hazards and risk controls that may arise in an office environment. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

13. Hazard Identification • Reporting identified hazards in the workplace is important as it will minimise the risk of injury or damage to persons or property in the workplace. • Ways to identify hazards are: • safety inspections • task analysis • complaints • staff meetings • regular maintenance requests • consultation • observation • records of injury, illness and near-miss records • A Hazard Identification Checklist would be used during a walk through of a work area and each of these items would be inspected and either the “Yes” or “No” box selected with regards to working order, access or compliance. If for any reason a “No” box is selected a comment would be inserted describing the non-compliance. • For example – Floor coverings in good order - NO- Comment: Carpet is lifting at entry, will advise maintenance to look at this immediately. Erect a sign to advise users to be careful when entering. • The Hazard Identification checklist allows you to identify any faulty equipment or dangers in the workplace. To ensure that these hazards are addressed you would complete a Hazard Report Form. • If you have any questions regarding the safety of your work environment or you have completed a Hazard Report form you would consult with one or more of the following parties: • Supervisor, Manager, Health & Safety Officer or Representative, PCBU, Team Leader, Union Officer or WHS Inspector P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

14. Controlling a Hazard • There are four steps of controlling a hazard: • Identify the hazard • Isolate the risk • Report the hazard to your supervisor • Treat the problem • CONTROL MEASURES – Hierarchy of Control Control measures should be implemented in the following order:   • Eliminate - Get rid of the harm or prevent the risk. The ideal solution is to get rid of the hazard completely. • Substitute - Replace with something less dangerous. • Isolation - Separate people from the harm. • Engineer Controls - modify work processes or the physical work environment, for example, by redesigning work, equipment, or the premises. • Administrative arrangements; for example, limit entry or time spent in a hazardous area. • Personal protective equipment (PPE) – is used as a last resort when exposure to risk is not or cannot be minimised by other means. PPE provides a barrier between the person and the hazard. In order for this control measure to be successful staff must be trained in the correct use of the PPE. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

15. Risks A Risk is the possibility of an accident or injury occurring from a hazard. The Risk Level is the likelihood of the harm occurring. Risk Control is the steps you take to eliminate or reduce a risk and minimise the likelihood of an incident or accident occurring. The four steps of the risk control are: • Step 1 – Identify the hazard - Look for those things or processes at your workplace that could cause harm, or have the potential to harm a person?’ • Step 2 – Assess the risk – What is the severity of the risk, are ex • Step 3 - Decide on control measures - You need to answer the following questions: • Is there a Regulation that I must follow in relation to the specific hazard? • Is there a Code of Practice connected to the specific hazard? • What are the existing controls? • Are controls as high as possible in hierarchy of control priorities? • Do controls guard everyone exposed to harm? • What extra controls are necessary? • Put controls in place - Develop a plan for implementing controls. This plan should include time frames and responsibilities. • Step 4 - Review the controls - The controls that you have put in place should be reviewed and changed as needed. • Further Information – Worksafe Qld - How to Manage WHS Risks P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

16. Risk Assessment A Risk Assessment is a systematic approach to identifying hazards and evaluating and controlling potential risks. The method used to assess the level risk associated with a hazard considers two factors: • The FREQUENCY:What is the likelihood of the event happening? • The SEVERITY: If it did happen, how serious would it be? • Frequency x Severity = Risk Level P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

17. Staff Training • In order for the staff to be aware of the workplace health and safety procedures it is necessary to provide training.  This is usually done in the first instance through a safety induction when the employee first begins work at a new workplace.  • As well as the induction a copy of the staff manual should be given to staff.  Once they have read through the manual they should sign to say that they have done so. Any new procedures or changes to existing procedures need to be explained to the employees as soon as they occur. • All training sessions should be documented and signed by those in attendance and kept as a record that the training has been provided. • WHS policies and procedure manuals will also contain information on safety procedures and the recommended safe systems of work. • Training should be provided to all staff whenever new equipment or processes are introduced to the workplace. • Other methods of training can be through WHS consultative practices and through information sourced on the internet. Internal training • Assuming that the fundamental knowledge and experience are available amongst staff, training may be conducted 'in-house'.  • This of course will depend on the size of the business. Training may be given to individuals, work teams or the whole organisation. The work team approach can be the most efficient, as each group assumes responsibility for filling it's specific occupational health and safety (WHS) gaps. A peer approach can also be adopted, using experienced workers, team leaders or leading hands to train less senior staff. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

18. Staff Training • External training • Workplace health and safety (WHS) training is a concern for all businesses and it is often done in informal ways that makes its effectiveness difficult to gauge. It is therefore important to source experts in the field as a timely way to bring employees up to speed on relevant safety issues. • There are many organisations that offer WHS training, including: • Worksafe Queensland • St John Ambulance Australia • National Safety Council of Australia For further information refer to following: • http://education.qld.gov.au/health/docs/healthsafety/provisiontrainingstaff.doc • https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/injury-prevention-safety/managing-risks/general-workplace-management P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

19. Prestart Checklists • Before you commence your daily tasks it is recommended that you conduct a prestart checklist of your workstation, computer, machinery or equipment. • Just like a motor vehicle, with constant use the technology and furniture that your use needs to be maintained. • These can be quick and easy checks, an example of items are: • Chair – Check castors and ensure adjustment mechanisms are in good working order • Computer cables – Connected correctly and in good working order • Computer monitor – Free from glare • Desk – There is adequate room on desk to work comfortably • - Document holders are supplied to elevate strain on neck and shoulders • For further information – Computer Based Workstation Set up and checklist • Electrical equipment should have regular testing and tagging • Security and evacuation alarms would be checked at regular intervals to ensure they are in good working order. • Employees should also be able to carry out basic maintenance tasks for equipment, such as removing a paper jam, changing cartridges or toner, checking connections. • A user manual would either be provided in a hardcopy or available online. Click here to view a sample of a HP Printer user manual. If at any time you are uncertain about the instructions provided for performing a given task you would speak to whomever set you the task or a fellow worker. Do not try and perform any tasks without the proper training or instructions. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

20. Incidents and Emergencies • When an incident occurs at work there is generally a procedure that must be followed. • Usually in an emergency you would dial ‘000’. • If a person is hurt you would administer basic first aid, dial ‘000’ and wait until help arrived. • You would also have incident forms to completed and hand in to your supervisor. • All businesses are different, and that means you will have specific needs that have to be met. • The Work Health and Safety Act 2011 and the Safety in Recreational Water Activities Act 2011 set out what sort of incidents are notifiable to WHSQ. • Further information on incidents that must be reported may be found at: • https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/injury-prevention-safety/incidents-and-notifications/what-is-an-incident • An incident is notifiable if it arises out of the conduct of a business or undertaking and results in the death, serious injury or serious illness of a person or involves a dangerous incident. • An Incident/Injury Report Form is to be completed for all workplace accidents as soon as possible and submitted to the designated person in your organisation. This could be the medical staff, WHS Officer or your supervisor/manager. • Sample Incident Report Form P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

21. Emergencies • Emergency procedures exist to ensure safety of employees, customers and contractors in the workplace. • Your workplace should have procedures in place for emergencies. Below is an example of just a few of these. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

22. Incidents and Emergencies • Other emergencies which could occur may include but are not limited to: • natural disasters such as floods, storms and bushfires; • Incidents involving intoxication • serious injury events; • medical emergencies such as heart attacks; • site or area evacuations; • hazardous substances and chemical spills; • security emergencies, such as armed robbery, intruders and disturbed persons; • loss of power or structural collapse; • traffic accidents; • landslides or wall collapses; Every workplace should have evacuation plans that would need to be followed in case of an emergency. An evacuation plan identifies how to evacuate a building in a safe and orderly manner. The evacuation plan should include a map, an evacuation route and a meeting area once you are outside of the building. • As an employee you must become familiar with this plan and know what to do in an emergency. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

23. Evacuation Plan • Most evacuation plans would include the following steps: • Remove all the people from the area (leave all belongings behind) • Alert others – Raise the alarm • Contact emergency services (Police, Fire Brigade, Ambulance) • Meet at the assembly point. • An example plan can be seen below: • An example evacuation procedure can be viewed at: Safe Work Australia P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

24. Hazardous Substances • Transitional arrangements are in place for the new classification, Hazardous substances are those that, following worker exposure, can have an adverse effect on health. All hazardous substances must be used, stored and labelled appropriately. • Examples of hazardous substances include: • poisons • substances that cause burns or skin and eye irritation • substances that may cause cancer. • A workplace must maintain a Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for every hazardous substance which are kept on the premises. These sheets provide additional information to that which is on the label. • Further information can be located at Work Cover Qld – safety data sheets (SDS) and labelling requirements. • The WHS Regulation 2011 covers workplace hazardous substances and dangerous goods under a single framework for hazardous chemicals. • It also introduces a new hazard classification and hazard communication system based on the United Nations' Globally Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals. • The purpose of The Global Harmonised System of classification and labelling of chemicals (GHS) is to set standard rules for classifying hazards, and the same format and content for labels and safety data sheets (SDS) around the world. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

25. SIGNAGE • Safety signs give a specific message to those who may be exposed to hazards in the workplace. The message may be to prevent accidents, signify health hazards, indicate the location of safety and fire protection equipment, or for giving guidance and instruction in an emergency. • The Australian standard covering safety signs regulates the design and use of safety signs. • There are thousands of signs to portray a message to the public. Select this link for more information on signs. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

26. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) • Personal Protective Equipment includes any clothing, equipment or substance that a person can use to protect them from risk of injury or illness. • Types of PPE can include: • Hearing protection – ear plugs or ear muffs • Skin protection – gloves, hats, clothing • Eye and face protection – goggles, safety glasses and masks • Respiratory protection – breathing apparatus • Other safety equipment – safety hats, safety boots, high visibility vests, life jackets • If a risk assessment has identified that PPE is to be used as a control measure a plan should be implemented to identify and record: • The type of PPE to be used and the reason for the PPE • Training of staff in the correct use of the PPE • Further Information can be located at: Worksafe Qld – Personal Protective Equipment P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

27. What can you do to ensure your safety at work? • Read your organisations policies and procedure manual regarding workplace health and safety and your duties • Carry out system and equipment checks prior to commencing work tasks • Read the safety procedures and work instruction sheets which will outline the steps required to perform your tasks in a safe manner. • Participate in safety meetings, planning sessions and WHS workshops • Talk to your co-workers about any health and safety concerns you may have. • Conduct regular hazard identification checks of your work area • Complete a hazard report form and risk assessments for any noncompliance and submit it to the appropriate parties • Participate in lock down and evacuation drills • Wear designated PPE at all times • Remember it is your safety and your co-workers that is at risk in the workplace and it is you that can identify these hazards and risks. Consultation by your employer should occur when: • They propose any changes that may affect the health and safety of workers • When identifying hazards and assessing risks to health and safety • When making decisions about the adequacy of the facilities • New equipment is introduced to the workplace • Changes occur in Workplace health and safety legislation P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources

28. Resources • Find out more about WHS:Safe Work Australia • To ensure you have the latest up-to-date information you should visit: • Queensland: • New South Wales: • Northern Territory: • Victoria: • Western Australia: • Tasmania: • South Australia: • Injury hotspots and suggested minimisation strategies can be found at: http://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/hotspots#/ • Guide to Participating in effective Health & Safety Committee • To demonstrate your understanding of this unit please complete these practice tasks and send your completed documents to your trainer. P:\Academic\Senior\VET\2017 Subjects\Business\BSB10115 Assessment Resources\BSBWHS201 WHS\Learning Resources