Learning and Motivation

1. Learning and Motivation

2. Meaningfulness • Past experiences • Interests/values

3. Prerequisites • Must have certain level of knowledge for concepts, rules, etc. • Pretest will help

4. Modeling • Present model performance to watch and imitate • Label important aspects for learner

5. Open Communication • State objectives to learner • Point out relationships • Stimulate all sensory channels • Ask questions of your learner

6. Novelty • Novel presentations have merit • Stimulate recall • Gain audience attention/participation • Can generate excitement for topic • Appropriateness to topic is key

7. Active Appropriate Practice • Active role by the learner • Organize/re-organize information • On-the-job type of learning situations

8. Distributed Practice • Schedule short periods distributed over time • i.e. Digital camera • Take and edit pictures on Monday • Incorporate them into a presentation on Tuesday

9. Fading • Instructional prompts are removed gradually • Instructor remains to facilitate learning if needed

10. Pleasant conditions • Avoid: boredom, unpleasant physical conditions • Keep demands attainable; reasonable

11. From Designing Effective Instruction 4th Ed., Morrison, Ross, & Kemp, 2004.