Biology: Study for quiz!

1. Biology: Study for quiz! Today 12/4/2013 Fermentation Quiz! Analyze (Define) Photosynthesis Terms Introduce Photosynthesis VOCAB QUIZ MONDAY DEC 9

2. After you turn in quiz, please work on defining terms.. Read the text for the definitions rather than the glossary! Some terms are NOT bold! Draw a picture to help you remember the word and definition!

3. *on back of your notes People didn’t know how photosynthesis worked until about the 1900’s. What are some possible ideas they may have had for how plants gained energy? (did they eat when no one was looking? Did they not need energy?.....)

4. II. Early Experiments A. van Helmont- found that plant mass must be obtained through water and CO2 because the soil mass wasn’t changing * tested plants to see if they were gaining their mass from the soil *Measured mass of soil at beginning and end of growth period-no change *Water and CO2 are the only things plants are taking in, must be responsible for change!

5. VIDEO!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pdgkuT12e14 B. Joseph Priestley discovered that plants release a substance that keeps a candle burning—oxygen C. Jan Ingenhousz discovered that plants only produced oxygen in the presence of light D. Concluded that with light, plants convert CO2 and water to glucose and oxygen

6. Homework: Finish Vocab Vocab Quiz Monday Dec 9!

7. Biology: Get out Vocab for HW Check Today 12/5/13 Describe Photosynthesis Summarize Light dependent and Light Independent Reactions Vocab Quiz Monday Dec 9

8. III. Photosynthesis A. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen PHOTOSYNTHESIS SONG! !

9. B. Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called pigments 1. Chlorophyll a and b are plants main pigments-reflect green light a. absorb red and blue wavelengths b. absorb light=absorb energy

10. C. Inside chloroplasts there are stacks of thylakoids which contain chlorophyll (pigments) and proteins 1. Thylakoids arranged in stacks called grana 2. stroma is the area outside the thylakoid Chloroplast Single thylakoid stroma Grana LABEL YOUR CHLOROPLAST!!

11. Light Energy (from sun) Chloroplast Sugars & O2 CO2 & H2O

12. When plants grow, most of their added mass (start small and end up big) is made up of what? • soil and carbon dioxide. • water and carbon dioxide. • oxygen and carbon dioxide. • soil and oxygen.

13. 2. The raw materials required for plants to carry out photosynthesis are • carbon dioxide and oxygen. • oxygen and sugars. • carbon dioxide and water. • oxygen and water.

14. 3. The principal pigment in plants is • chloroplast. • chlorophyll. • carotene. • carbohydrate.

15. 4. The colors of light that are absorbed by chlorophylls are • green and yellow. • green, blue, and violet. • blue, violet, and red. • red and yellow.

16. 5. The 2 main products of photosynthesis produced by plants are: • Carbon dioxide and water • Glucose and water • Light and oxygen • Glucose and oxygen

17. In van Helmont's experiment, most of the added mass of the tree came from • soil and carbon dioxide. • water and carbon dioxide. • oxygen and carbon dioxide. • soil and oxygen.

18. 2. The raw materials required for plants to carry out photosynthesis are • carbon dioxide and oxygen. • oxygen and sugars. • carbon dioxide and water. • oxygen and water.

19. 3. The principal pigment in plants is • chloroplast. • chlorophyll. • carotene. • carbohydrate.

20. 4. The colors of light that are absorbed by chlorophylls are • green and yellow. • green, blue, and violet. • blue, violet, and red. • red and yellow.

21. 5. The 2 main products of photosynthesis produced by plants are: • Carbon dioxide and water • Glucose and water • Light and oxygen • Glucose and oxygen

22. Light Energy (from sun) Chloroplast Sugars & O2 CO2 & H2O

23. D. NADPH- energy carrier(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) 1. Sunlight reaches the chlorophyll, causing electrons to gain energy *excited electrons 2. NADP+ carries 2 high energy electrons and one H+, becomes NADPH NADP++ 2 e-= NADPH *Like using a special pan to carry hot coals! IV. Light Dependent Reactions (happen in thylakoid) 1. Water is broken up into O, H+, and electrons-oxygen is released 2. Chlorophyll absorbs sunlight (energy)-makes electrons “energetic” ,they move down the electron transport chain

25. Inside of thylakoid is positively charged because of all the H+, these move through the ATP synthase and reattach P to ADP to form ATP. B. ADP is converted to ATP, NADP+ is converted to NADPH Light dependent Reactions: *Charge up the batteries! In Out H2O O2 ADP ATP NADP+ NADPH *happens in thylakoid, because it needs chlorophyll *Now chloroplast has highly charged molecules ATP and NADPH to help make sugar!

26. H2O CO2 NADP+ ADP + P Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Sugars O2

27. Summarize what happens during the Light Dependent Reactions!

28. V. Light Independent reactions- Calvin Cycle Takes place in stroma-because it doesn’t need the pigments Uses the energy stored in ATP and NADPH to make high-energy sugars! C. End result of Calvin Cycle: In Out ATP ADP NADPH NADP+ CO2 glucose D. Uses 6 Carbon Dioxide molecules to make one glucose molecule (C6H12O6)

29. Summarize what occurs in the Calvin Cycle or Light Independent Reaction

30. Bio: Vocab Quiz Moved to Tues! :)Please grab bellringer from front of room and start working on it… Try it without your notes! See what you remember! Today: 12/9/13 Bellringer: Label Chloroplast Explain what happens during photosynthesis Explain why leaves change color Photosynthesis quiz end of this week!

31. Label the stages of Photosynthesis. Label the inputs and outputs!

32. H2O CO2 NADP+ ADP + P Light- dependent reactions Calvin cycle Sugars O2

33. VI. Factors Affecting Photosynthesis • A. Water loss can slow or even stop photosynthesis. 1. Stomata are openings on the outside of leaves that allow for CO2 to enter and O2 to leave, usually closed so less water lost B. Temperature must be between 0°C and 35°C. C. If you increase light intensity, you will increase the rate of photosynthesis.

34. Read Article: Why Leaves Change Color 1. Analyze while reading: -Put a star next to something interesting -Circle a word you do not understand -Put a heart next to something that reminds you of something -Put a ? next to something that makes you ask a question. 2. Answer questions in complete sentences!! Cite Paragraph where you find your answers! Be ready to discuss!!! --If you finish early, work on finals study guide or study for vocab quiz!!

35. Biology: STUDY FOR QUIZ! Today 12/10/13 Add to study guide!! Vocab Quiz Discuss Reading Analysis Interpret Graphs ! Continue working on final study guide! Photosynthesis Quiz Friday!! Study notes! You will get a review tomorrow or thursday!

37. Dec 11, 2013 Biology: Pick up a lab papers off stool in front! Read the entire thing. You do not have to start doing the pre-lab questions right now. *You will do them during the lab * You will be having a lab quiz before we start the lab… so read!!!

38. LAB QUIZ—You can use your lab to answer! • What pigment shows a red color? • How are you going to get the plant to stain on the paper? • What type of solution are you going to place your filter paper in (in the beaker) • How long do you have to wait for your pigments to separate? • What is the process called when you use a solvent to separate out plant pigments? (you are doing this today, starts with a C)

39. Objective for Today: Analyze paper chromatography and identify the different pigments found in plants.

40. Photosynthesis begins when light is absorbed by pigments in the plant cell. One technique for separating and identifying these pigments is paper chromatography. In paper chromatography, solvent moves up the paper carrying with it dissolved substances-in this case plant pigments. The pigments are carried along at different rates because they are not equally soluble in the solvent and are attracted in different degrees into the paper. Many green leaves contain pigment colors that are not seen until autumn because they are hidden by the chlorophyll. A few plants have leaves that are red, orange, or yellow all year long.

41. carotenes – yellow/orange Xanthopyll- yellow Light green – chlorophyll b Bright green – chlorophyll a

42. When you are finished with the lab, please clean up according to sheet at table. Finish answering the questions with your partner.

44. Write down three things you learned from the lab on Wednesday. Turn them in when you are done. Use complete sentences!

45. Assignment: Fill out Light/Dark Reactions handout.

46. Review • What is inside the thylakoids? • Why are chloroplasts green? • Which reaction happens first? • Which reaction happens in the stroma? • Which reaction has oxygen as a product? • Which reaction uses up ATP and NADPH to make sugar?

47. 1 ADP 4 3 2 NADPH • What are the products of the Calvin cycle? • Why do light dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid? • What are the reactants for light dependent reaction? • What is one example of an autotroph?

48. Bingo! Priestly green red and blue ATP Carbon dioxide ADP Chlorophyll heterotroph Van Helmont autotroph Photosynthesis sunlight Glucose phosphate Chemical energy 90 Oak tree eagle Stroma Thylakoid

49. Review quiz! 1. What is NADP+ used for? 2. When water is split during the light dependant reaction NADP+ picks up? What happens first in photosynthesis- Photosystem I or photosystem II? Where do the light dependant reactions take place? At the end of the light dependant reactions, what has been made? Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? What are the products of the Calvin cycle?

50. Which of the following is NOT an example of a heterotroph? • a.mushroom • b.leopard • c.grass • d.human