Military Background

1. Military History Military Background

2. Military History: Background & Experience Commenced active duty with the Pacific Submarine Force in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii in 1963, and served aboard the USS TANG (SS-563) as Quartermaster SN (SS) (qualified in submarines), until appointment to the U.S. Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland in 1964. Graduated with the Class of 1968. Later attended and graduated from Basic Underwater Demolition/SEAL (BUD/S) Training (Class 56). Following BUD/S joined Underwater Demolition Team THIRTEEN (UDT 13) and deployed to Vietnam as Officer-in-Charge of the forward-deployed detachment conducting river reconnaissance and combat demolitions operations based out of Da Nang, Vietnam. Subsequent assignments included two tours with SEAL Team ONE as a Platoon Commander, and later as Executive Officer; and a return to Vietnamas a SEAL advisor conducting maritime operations and clandestine actions ashore in enemy held areas.  Upon return from Vietnam was reassigned to Basic UDT/SEAL training (BUD/S) as Senior Instructor for SEAL Tactics, Weapons, Demolitions, and Land Warfare. Other subsequent tours included: Inshore Undersea Warfare Group ONE as Executive and later Commanding Officer; Naval Special Warfare Group ONE as Operations Officer; and two Pentagon-Washington area tours with the Strategy, Plans, and Policy Division (OP-60) of the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Staff (OPNAV), and the Chief of Naval Personnel as SEAL and Navy Diver program coordinator. Following the Pentagon tour was assigned to Naval Special Warfare Unit TWO as Commanding Officer of all forward deployed Navy SEALs and Special Boat Detachments assigned for special operations contingencies throughout Europe. Just prior to completion of military service served as the Chief of Staff for the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), at Fort Bragg, NC. Also served as JSOC's Director of Exercise and Evaluation prior to promotion to Chief of Staff. Other senior level major assignments included Chief of Policy and Strategy and Deputy Director of Plans, Policy, and Doctrine (J5) for the Commander and Chief of the United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM).   During the tour at USSOCOM earned a Master's Degree in Political Science from the University of South Florida and became a member of PHI KAPPA PHI and PI SIGMA ALPHA National Honor Societies. Am also a 1977 graduate of the Naval War College, a 1983 graduate of the National War College of National Defense University, Washington D.C., and have been designated a "proven sub-specialist" in Political and Military Strategic Planning by the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS).

3. MILTARY HISTORY: Course Overview • General Objectives: • analyzes military strategy, ops, and tactics • examines how US military has changed and improvedthroughout its history • assesses the major technological advances • all of above examined in context… • Examines Wars & major conflicts: • Colonial Wars => WWI (part I) • Post-WWI => Cold War & after (part II)

4. General Course Requirements • Overview: • Participation/Discussion/Battle Briefs (20%) • Research Paper (20%) • Exams & Test (60%) • Grading (see details in syllabus- para III) • Meaningful participation (20 points) • Battle Brief write-ups & discussion (para VIII) • Class discussions & your contribution & attendance • Test I- Chapters 1-8 (Key Terms & Learn. Object.) (10 pts) • Midterm Exam: part I: Essay & multi-choice (20 points) • Research Paper : 8-10 pages (20 points) • Final Exam: part II: 3 essays & multi-choice (30 points) • More guidance & details provided during review/exam prep

5. Campbell University’s Purpose, Mission,& Policies: • Provide students with the option of a Christian World view (see syllabus for details) • Described further in the Campbell University Bulletin • Standards and Expectations – • (see University Bulletin & paragraph IV of syllabus) • No computer notebooks during class • Recommend download & print Student Class pp notes • Use as study guide & for note annotation during class • Available on web page or student computer in rm 113 • Also pls silence your cell phone ringers before class

6. Required & Supplemental Texts • Required Reading Materials: • American Military History by Doughty (text=MH) • Savage Wars of Peace by Boot (SW) • Supplemental reading list (recommended only): • Available in syllabus • May be helpful during research on Battle Briefs

7. Course Outline • Schedule of learning objectives (syllabus-para VII) • Lecture topics listed by week and class number • Readings to be completed prior to class (schedule) • (See Syllabus p. 2: Week 1-Class 1 as illustration) • Part I: Weeks 1-8 (Intro => Test I & Midterm Exam) • Part II: Weeks 9-15 (WWII => Final Exam) • Student Research Paper&Battle Brief Details: • Written Research Project (8-10 pages)- Para VIII A. • Battle Brief Write-ups (3 per Part- 6 total)- Para VIIIB. • Battle Brief Format(Syllabus)) • Battle Brief selection- sign up next week (see para IX) • Questions?

8. Military History Chapter 1

9. Map Overview of 18th Century North America • European Colonial Settlements by Nation:

10. Indian and Colonial Wars • Anglo-Indian Wars • Overview: Eastern Seaboard • Colonies by Nation => • Colonization & its impact: • Native American Indian reaction=> • Resentment & hostility=> • Violence& finally War • Where & how was this violence manifested first? * Why?

11. Chesapeake-Tidewater Colonies

12. Tidewater Wars (1622-1646) • First Tidewater War (1622-1632) • Colonial War Aim? • Conquer and dominate ?_____________ & make it ?__________________ for Colony • Strategy & Tactics? • Undercut Indian’s ability to ?_____________ • Main tactic: “?__________________” • Measures taken: organize defense & 6 mile wall • Martial law, volunteer service for expeditions • Second Tidewater War (1644-1646) • Role of County Militias=> precedence set? • Employ Militia to defend ?___________ & _______________ • Result of war: impose peace & establish a secure ?______ Line • Virginia colonies firmly established as result of this war

13. Bacon’s Rebellion (1675-1676) • Tidewater area versus Frontier Virginia • Stark difference in lifestyle & priorities • Feeling of abandonment when Indians attack • Bacon’s Rebellion • Indians attacked NW Virginia Frontiers • Governor Berkeley’s response? _____________-why? • Relied on static forts and mobile militia- result? • Viewed as “too little too late”=> frontiersmen reaction? • Nathaniel ?________ leads frontiersmen’s counter-attack • Objective? Kill ?______________indiscriminately • Role of British Regulars=> ?_________________ • Colonists continued reliance on militia

14. New England Settlements - Map Overview:(Massachusetts, Plymouth, RI, Connecticut) How & Why were Indian wars in NE different?

15. Indian Wars of New England (NE)(Massachusetts, Plymouth, RI, Connecticut) • New England settlement patterns and motives: • ?____________________________________ • Contrast causes with Virginia settlements? => • Focus of Virginia settlements: • Agricultural crop?___________________________ • Grown on ?____________=> greater area of land required • Spread out & separated=> situation produced? • Result: Conflict over land emerges sooner in South • Eventually=> conflict emerged in New England • Name of War in New England? (causes?) =>

16. King ?___________’s War (1675-1676) • Causes: belated impact of NE population growth • 35K NE Colonists vs. 20K Indians by 1675 • Other causes for Indian’s resentment: • Threatened then provoked by colonists (role of religion) • Plymouth execution of 3 Wampanoags – why? • Role of “King”? (Indian Leader) & gathering Indian allies • Nipmucks & Narragansetts (Text’s Map p. 6) • Organized broad based Indian threat to NE colonists • Militia Preemption and the Great Swamp • Joint cooperation of Inter-Colonial Army (1000 Militia) • Final Offensive- • Surprise attack along the Connecticut river • No quarter given & numerous atrocities – end of war • Result? Were war Aims met?

17. Colonial Wars: The Big Picture- Europe First • In Europe: European Wars of Empire: • War of the League of Augsburg • War of the Spanish Succession • War of the Austrian Succession • North American counterpart to above: • King Williams War (1689-1697) • Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) • King George’s War (1739-1748) (Make sure you can connect the two groups)

18. King Williams War (1689-1697) • Relation to Europe: War of?_______ of ___________ • Command and Control: France vs. English Colonies • French colonies: • highly centralized command & control from Paris • English colonies: • self contained & fiercely independent of London • Impact of war on the Colonies- bearing the brunt • Border raids across Canada & New York Frontiers • Maritime commerce raids (role of Privateers) • Course of war: France (initial success) vs. England • (Contrast between France & England in North America) • Lack of population vs. lack of will & cooperation/cohesion • End Result: Peace of ?________ & return to status quo • Impact on relations between NA Colonists & England?

19. Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) • Known in Europe as: • War of the ?_____________ _______________ • South: English colonists vs. Spanish Colonists (Map) • Attack St. Augustine & Pensacola; Spanish attack Charleston • North: New England colonists vs. French & Indian allies • Raids, skirmishes, and commerce raiding • Britain finally commits Royal regular forces in 1711: • 4300 regulars & 12 warships/40 transports • Canadian Expedition=> objective? __________________ • Problem: • Lack of cooperation, price gouging & ship grounding • British cancel Canadian expedition at first ship grounding • Recruiting resistance & Colonial profiteering

20. Colonial Wars- Map Overview * Louisbourg ____ *Charleston Pensacola

21. British Navy vs. French Forces • Ascendancy of British Navy over French (latter stages) • Brits gradually came to dominate sea control • Nevertheless- most British gains were the result of ground victories in Europe & Diplomatic bargaining at Peace talks • British get Nova Scotia & Newfoundland gained as a result • While American colonists see little benefit • Result of Queen Anne’s War: • Attitude of Royal Regs & Provincials toward each other? • Colonial attitude: War considered? __________________ • American blood spent w/o proper recognition by British • British see Americans as ?___________________________ • Resentment all around

22. King George’s War (1739-1748) • European counterpart? • War of ?____________________ __________________ • Role of British sea power? (Royal Navy vs. French?) • Brit control of seas around NA=> transport & operational support • English & Colonists gain Victory at ?_____________(see Cape Breton- Map p. 10) • But Fruits of Victory: disappointment & stirs resentment- why? • Brits take all the credit & use win as ?_____________ _________at peace talks • North America’s priority from British perspective? • ?____ => North America considered as ?______ ______compared to Europe • Result: zero risk mentality wrt British strategy & tactics • Settlement: Peace of ?_____ ____ ___________: • Real value of North American bargaining chips to Brits? • Offset Britain’s territorial losses where? to French Army • Result? Adding insult to injury: • Colonial military efforts slighted=> growing resentment • Colonial disgust comes to a head the next time (next War)

23. Summary of Wars of Empire Next “War of Empire” that will have major consequences?

24. French & Indian War (1754-1763) • Key Questions to consider: • 1. War’s Connection with Europe? • Contrast to Previous Colonial Wars? • 2. British Motives vs. Colonists? • French & Spanish Threat? • English Colonists’ Problem? • Albany Plan? (Colonial cooperation) • 3. Conflicting War Aims? • For British Government (status quo) • For Colonists (westward expansion & security) • Key consistent problem: Lack of Cooperation

25. Overview of War • Britain Assumes Direct Control of war: • British Strategy: 3 pronged advance on Canada • WilliamPitt’s political & strategic role (NA focus & priority) • Key operational roles played by Amherst & Wolfe • Provide fresh leadership to implement Pitt’s strategy • Total British Order of Battle for Canadian Campaign • Gave British 4 to 1 numerical advantage over French • Other Factors: the role of friction (?) • French bad luck (poor harvest) vs. British Control of the Seas • British Campaign Plan to Conquer Canada (see Map*): • Amphibious Attack onLouisbourg & Quebec • Secondary Attack onMontreal • Third expedition on Fort Duquesne

26. French & Indian War (Map Overview)

27. Canadian Campaign (1758-59) • Campaign execution: • Unanticipated Problems & delays frustrate British plan: • Impact of Successful Siege of Louisbourg: (cause delay) • Logistics Complications: • French POWs require construction of ships for transport to Europe • Poor Tactical Decisions at Ticonderoga=> impact: • Amherst diverted to his commander’s rescue • Leaves Wolf to attack Quebec • Attack on Ticonderoga postponed due to winter’s onset

28. Battle for Quebec (1759) • Montcalm& effective French Defense • Effective Use of Limited Resources & use of Terrain (Map) • Wolfe’s Initial Moves – Tactical Objective? • Force what kind of engagement with French? • But Montcalm adroitly avoided… until?

29. Plains of Abraham • Battle preparation • British employ tactical surprise • Plus divert enemy’s attention • (Hit them where they least expect) • Role of LTC Howe • Courageous & daring • Leads advance force up steep bluff • Americans will meet hin again in 1776 • Wolfe reconnoiters position • Establishes his line & invites attack • Montcalm accommodates & attacks • Brits repulse & charge w/ bayonets • French columns routed & flee

30. Battle Results • Tactical victory for Wolfe at cost of 658 to 644 CAS • What happened to both Wolfe & Montcalm? • British take Quebec but fail to exploit as strategic victory • Meaning?

31. Conquest of Canada(1759-60) • Delays, logistics problems, & ultimate success: • Delayed Parallel Advance to Montreal-May-Oct 59; • Logistic Problems & Tactical Setbacks to Aug 1760; • Finally Brits able to converge all three prongs within 48 hours at Montréal in early September 1760 • Conduct brief siege- French see handwriting on the wall • French finally Surrender Montreal on 8 September 1760 • Impact of Montreal’s fall: • Brits able to redeploy NA forces to other Theaters of ops • Exploit these forces & enjoy victories in other Theaters • Map Overview* (Caribbean) =>

32. Caribbean Colonies

33. Assessment of French & Indian War • Political & Strategic Impact of Pitt: • Sustained political & logistic Support throughout war • Commitment of Regular British Forces to North America • Royal Navy’s Significant Role: • Blockade French (prevent re-supply & reinforcements) • Sea Control (deny French use of SLOCs) • Commerce Raiding (capture French re-supply ships) • Operational Support (transport & fire support to Army) • Impact of Canadian Conquest for British in Europe: • Montreal’s Victory (constituted French NAcenter of gravity) • French centralized command & control became extremely vulnerability • Permits redeployment of British Military Forces elsewhere • Impact of War on British & American Relations: • Mixed Feelings: Vets of war have both good & bad memories

34. Summary of Colonial Wars

35. Overall Assessment • Colonial Wars: • Key Differences in European vs. AmericanWay of War • European Way of War: • Limited objectives & classic set piece battle arraignment • AmericanWay of War: • Total all out war but unfocused & untrained forces (Provincials) • Impact of battle field realities & Cultural Differences • Tactical Realities force necessary tactical adjustments • Forced upon all participants- even British • Example: heavy wooded terrain=> Indian style tactics • Ambush & hit & run (exception?) Plains of ?____________

36. Next Week’s Assignment • Week 2: MH- Chapters 2 & 3 • Class 2a: MH-Chapter 2- War for Independence): • The people at war- the Militia: Lexington, Concord, Bunker Hill; Revolutionary war Strategies: 1776-plans & preparations, Long Island, Tactics serving Strategy, • Strategies to Persuade: Trenton &Princeton and their impact;Saratoga & conventional warfare: • Freeman’s Farm and Bemis Heights. Unconventional & conventional warfare in the South (1780-83): • Halt to the British Offensive - Key Battles: Charleston, Cowpens & Yorktown. • Sign up for Part I Battle Briefs • (Come prepared to chose 2 Battles for Part I) • Class 2b:Chapt 3-American Military Policy (1783-1846)

37. Battle Brief (BB) Write-up Format (suggested)(See Syllabus- page 15 and Capt Slattery’s web page for BB write-up examples) • Battle/Operation/Campaign name & date(s) fought • Background: Overview of strategic situation to set the stage • Map orientation/location of Operational Theater where Battle was fought • Order of Battle (refer to detailed Battle Map): • Key troop dispositions and commanders’ location • Plans & Objectives - refer to Map (s): • Strategic, Operational, and tactical Objectives: • Significance if achieved • Concept of Operations (use detailed Battle map): • (How Commander planned to execute Battle) • Battlefield preparation: • Key troop deployments/movement required for battle • Logistics planned for/required for successful execution • Execution (refer to detailed battle Map): • (How Battle actually unfolded) • Role of “Friction” and its impact on the Battle • Results: • Tactical & Operational victory or defeat (for whom?) • Tactical objectives? Ground gained/enemy destroyed • Impact of victory/defeat on Theater of operations • Strategic & Political impact or significance (if any)