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Introductory Biochemistry BIOC

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Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Medical and B ioorganic chemistry

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Carbohydrates

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Chapter 16 Carbohydrates

Chapter 16 Carbohydrates. Classification Nomenclature Reactions . Organic compounds in nature. Carbohydrates are among the major classes of organic compounds found in nature. Others include: lipids , proteins and nucleic acids. Functions of Carbohydrates.

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Chapter 5: Stereoisomerism

Chapter 5: Stereoisomerism. Stereoisomers are compounds that have the same structural formula in terms of order of attachment, but differ in arrangements of the atoms in space.

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CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY

CARBOHYDRATE CHEMISTRY. DR AMINA TARIQ BIOCHEMISTRY. Introduction. Carbohydrates are one of the three major classes of biological molecules. Carbohydrates are also the most abundant biological molecules. Carbohydrates derive their name from the general formula Cn (H2O). functions.

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Chapter 25. Biomolecules: Carbohydrates

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Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates. Chapter 25. Chapter 25. Carbohydrates. Carbohydrate: a polyhydroxyaldehyde, a polyhydroxyketone, or a compound that gives either of these compounds after hydrolysis. Monosaccharide: a carbohydrate that cannot be hydrolyzed to a simpler carbohydrate.

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Kharkiv National Medical University Department of Medical and B ioorganic chemistry

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Chapter 23: Carbohydrates hydrates of carbon: general formula C n (H 2 O) n

Chapter 23: Carbohydrates hydrates of carbon: general formula C n (H 2 O) n Plants: photosynthesis 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 Polymers: large molecules made up of repeating smaller units (monomer) Biopolymers: Monomer units:

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Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry

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Building Blocks of Life

Building Blocks of Life. Most Important Chemical Consideration of Sugars. Consider the anomeric carbon! The aldehyde on the one position can be nucleophilically attacked by any of the hydroxyls!. Hemiacetalization Concept Key to Carbohydrate Ring Structures. Nomenclature of Carbohydrates .

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Chapter 7 - Stereochemistry

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Discussion Carbohydrates

Discussion Carbohydrates. Nomenclature. (D)-glucose. ?-pyranose form: ?-(D)-glucopyranose. (2 R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal. Dextrose. Hawthorne structure ?-pyranose form: ? -(D)-glucose. ?-pyranose form: ?-(D)-glucopyranose. Another Chiral sugar: Erythrose.

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8.3 The S N 2 Mechanism of Nucleophilic Substitution

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Wood Chemistry PSE 406

Wood Chemistry PSE 406. Lecture 4 More Sugars: Disaccharides and Rings. Hemiacetal Formation. A hemiacetal is a compound having the C(OH)OR group that results from the reaction of an aldehyde with one mole of an alcohol. Sugar molecules contain an aldehyde group and lots of alcohol groups.

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Carbohydrates -I-

CH 2 OH. O. H. H. H. OH. H. OH. HO. H. OH. Carbohydrates -I- . Energy molecules. General Characteristics . Carbohydrates = Carbon (C) + Hydrates (OH). All carbohydrates are compounds composed of (at least) C, H, and O The general formula for a carbohydrate is: (CH 2 O) n

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ISOMERISM- part 3 STEREOISOMER & STEREOCHEMISTRY

ISOMERISM- part 3 STEREOISOMER & STEREOCHEMISTRY. Prepared by KH.SADIQUE FAISAL ASST.LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY, NUB. MOLECULES WITH MORE THAN ONE STEREOCENTER. DIASTEREOMERS. MOLECULES WITH MORE THAN ONE STEREOCENTER. MOLECULES WITH MORE THAN ONE STEREOCENTER.

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Lecture 4

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