Operations

1. Operations

2. 16 Action will remove the doubt that theory cannot solve~Tehyi Hsieh The “Art of War” is theapplication of the science!

3. A fundamental, but sometimes complex prerequisite for any commander to achieve success Operational Design — the tool for translating operational requirements into tactical guidance Five elements involved: Mission, enemy (obstacles) terrain and weather, troops and support available, and time available A first step in gaining true situational awareness Operational Analysis 15 M E T T T

4. A clear, concise statement of what is to be done and for what purpose Provides the basis for which all planning must necessarily follow and from which the essential tasks are derived Will require prioritization of multiple objectives, including “enabling objectives” Mission 14 M E T T T

5. Identifies the threat While many law enforcement operations involve an adversary (enemy), they are just as likely to encounter tactical operations responding to floods, fires, earthquakes, haz-mat spills, and the like Identifies whatever needs to be defeated, removed, circumvented, or surmounted to succeed SWOT Analysis — Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats Enemy (Obstacles) 13 M E T T T

6. Both terrain and weather will impact operations, most commonly as either Trafficability Visibility Terrain Analysis KOCOA Weather Precipitation, sunrise, sunset, moon rise, moon set, percent illumination, winds, humidity, and the like can all affect operations Terrain & Weather 12 M E T T T

7. Most critical step to estimate effectiveness, efficiency and sustainment Numbers and types of troops available Capabilities and location of each type of unit Custody, traffic, detectives, patrol, SWAT, bomb disposal, canine, air support, heavy transport, etc. Square pegs in square holes, round pegs in round holes Troops are always consumers Food, water, batteries, ammunition, etc. Pilots are worthless without aircraft, trucks and buses are worthless without fuel Troops & Support Available 11 M E T T T

8. The time available and time required may be incompatible Harsh time constraints always favor training! Time always imposes prioritization requirements You can not have or do everything at once Missions, tasks and assignments may be: Time driven Resource driven Time 10 M E T T T

9. Leadership Direction of People Management Implies the ability to effectively direct, administer or carry on business “Thing” oriented (Project, Program, etc.) Process rather than event Command The “ruthless” application of power “Object” oriented (Get it done!) Tends to be more of an event than a process Managementvs Command 9 M E T T T

10. Command The Formal Exercise of Absolute Authority Authority bestowed by a commander’s position in the organization Control Influence exerted by: Personal Expertise Personal Persuasion Charisma Commandvs Control 8

11. CommandRelationships 7 • Joint Command • Default Mode • Mutual Aid is provided to requesting agency • Command falls to agency with jurisdiction and responsibility Visitor Home • Unified Command • Requires an agreement • Often happens when the aid provided greatly exceeds the supported agency’s assets • Command is shared inside a single command module Visitor Home

12. Support 6 • General Support • Default Mode • C2 remains the same • Supportingunit responsible for all administrative and operational needs HQ Ops Intel Logistics General • Direct Support • Requires Assignment • C2 reverts to supported unit • Supportedunit responsible for all administrative and operational needs of supporting unit Direct 6

13. Orders are how plans are implemented, coordinated and controlled Consent may be expressed or implied “Silence is Consent” is the default mode “Expressed Consent” will be required when a commander desires to make the decision Two parts to every order What to do — as precisely as practical Why it is necessary— as clearly as possible Orders 5

14. Alert Order used to initiate a heightened state of vigilance or preparation for some action Warning Order used when it appears certain that some action, individual or unit will be required Execute Order used to implement or carry out some action in accordance with a plan Fragmentary (Frag) Order used to modify or rescind any existing order Four Types ofOrders 4

15. Control measures designed to encourage initiative without relinquishing strategic oversight Decision Point — an event, time or sequence at which further guidance is necessary to proceed Decision is automatically defaulted to commander or designee Trip Wire — used to automatically implement a plan, procedure or series of actions within predetermined guidelines Provides a means to allow complex plans to be developed and briefed and then automatically implemented in the “heat of battle” Decision Points & Trip Wires 3

16. Area of Operations Where operations are being conducted Area of Influence Where operations are planned or capable of being conducted Always somewhat subjective Area of Interest Areas of concern to an operation Do not need to be contiguous Analyzing the “Battlespace” 2 Area of Operations Areas of Interest Area of Influence

17. Questions?