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Chapter 28 Section 2

Chapter 28 Section 2. The Cold War Begins. Roots of the Cold War. United States vs USSR Cold War – Competition for global power and influence between 2 remaining superpowers USA and USSR Political and Economic Fronts USA Democratic government Individual Freedom Capitalist Economy USSR

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Chapter 28 Section 2

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  1. Chapter 28 Section 2 The Cold War Begins

  2. Roots of the Cold War • United States vs USSR • Cold War – Competition for global power and influence between 2 remaining superpowers USA and USSR • Political and Economic Fronts • USA • Democratic government • Individual Freedom • Capitalist Economy • USSR • Communist Theories • State-run Economy • One-Party Rule (Bolsheviks) • Suppression of Religion • Use of force to crush opposition

  3. Roots of Cold War continued • Soviet • Expansionism • Baltic States • Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania • Poland • Romania • Buffer Zone • Satellite Nations • Countries under Soviet control • https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=Mm0yQg1hS_w • Churchill • Iron Curtain • “Iron Curtain has descended across the Continent” • George Kennan – US State Department Official • Containment • Restricting expansion of Soviet Communism

  4. Deadlock over Atomic Weapons • US presidential adviser Bernard Baruch • Special Energy Agency • Known as Baruch Plan • Impose penalties on countries that did not follow international rules • USSR rejects all inspection and enforcement provisions • Tests 1st atomic bomb in 1949 • Start of Nuclear arms race • US Response • Atomic Energy Act– August 1946 • Created Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) • Promote peacetime use of atomic energy • Oversee nuclear weapons research

  5. Containment Around the World • Truman administered a more aggressive foreign policy • US containment policy • Policy of US to support free peopes who are resisting attempted conquest by armed minorities or outside pressures • TRUMAN DOCTRINE • $400 million in aide to Greece & Turkey • Mediterranean • Greece • Civil War – Communists vs. Monarch • Turkey • USSR wanted to control Dardanelles

  6. Containment Around the World Continued • Europe • Economies in shamblesafter WWII • George C. Marshall • Born Uniontown PA • Truman asks congress for 17 billion in aid • Communists overthrow government of Czechoslovakia • Marshall Plan • 17 billion in economic aid for Europe • Marshall wins Nobel Peace Prize in 1953

  7. Crisis in Berlin • Non-Soviet sections of Berlin grow stronger because of Marshall Plan • Support formation of Western German government • Berlin Airlift • June 24th, 1948 Soviets block • Roads • Canals • Railways • Shipments of food/supplies • Western leaders response • For 10 months American and British planes • Drop 2 million tons of food • Embarrassed Soviet Union • Ends May 1949 • Republic of Germany – West Germany (USA, FR, BR) • German Democratic Republic – East Germany (USSR)

  8. The Western Alliance • Military Alliances • Nato • 9 Western European Powers • USA • Canada • Iceland • 1951 – Dwight Eisenhower = Supreme Commander • Warsaw Pact • Communist countries of Eastern Europe

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