The WAR OF 1812

1. The WAR OF 1812 Chapter 11 Section 3

2. Conflict with Britain • Year by year, the United States moved toward war with Britain. • 1810 – France promised to end its attacks on American ships. • President James Madison (4th POTUS) cut off trade with Britain. • Response: British attacks on American ships continued.

3. James Madison 4th POTUS

4. Conflict at Home with the Indians • Tecumseh - Shawnee Chief who worked to create a confederacy of tribes • Goal: that would stop the spread of settlers. • Aided by: Tenskwatawa • Tenskwatawa – prophet and brother of Tecumseh. • Claimed to have magical powers and they seemed to be proven to his followers when he predicted a solar eclipse. • Prophet- a messenger from God

5. Tecumseh

6. Tenskwatawa

7. Battle of Tippecanoe • Prophetstown • Built by followers of Tecumseh and the Prophet • Capital • Location: on the Tippecanoe River in the present day state of Indiana.

8. Battle of Tippecanoe • Year:1811 • What Happens: soldiers under Governor William Henry Harrison scattered Tecumseh’s forces and burned down Prophetstown • (Harrison becomes the 9th POTUS and uses his nickname Old Tippecanoe in his campaign)

9. War Fever and War Hawks • After the Battle of Tippecanoe, the soldiers found British-made guns • Evidence that the British had been arming the Indians. • War Hawks – Federalists’ nickname for Republicans who were really eager to for battle • June 1812- War Hawks persuade Congress to go to war

10. Gov. William Henry Harrison

11. Defeating the Indians • Tecumseh and his followers joined the Canadians in pushing back American invading forces. • 1814 – Tecumseh killed at the Battle of Thames • ended the dream of a united Indian people. • Soon after, the Indians of the Ohio country signed a peace treaty with the United States.

12. Burning down the White House • Date: August 23,1814 • The British marched through Washington D.C. and set the capital on fire. • The President and his wife, Dolley, were forced to flee the city and were drenched in a thunderstorm taking place at the time. • The storm actually saved the White House) • DolleyMadison saved the portrait of George Washington, historic papers, and her pet parrot

13. British burn down the White House

14. Burning down the White House

15. The End Of The War of 1812 • The Treaty of Ghent was signed in December and ended the War of 1812. • Did not deal with the British seizure of American ships. • Peace brought with it a new spirit of nationalism among Americans. • Nationalism-pride in one’s own country

16. Battle of New Orleans 1815 • General of the Battle: General Andrew Jackson • Leads a “backwoods rabble” of untrained troops, free African Americans, Indians, and a few pirates. • January 1815 – General Andrew Jackson gave the Americans a stunning victory over the British at the Battle of New Orleans. ( 2000 – British killed or wounded, 8 –Americans killed or wounded) • When the news of Jackson’s stunning victory reached Washington, D.C., Andrew Jackson had become a national hero. • Fought 2 weeks after the Treaty of Ghent because word had not reached New Orleans yet

17. General Andrew Jackson

18. General Andrew Jackson

19. Battle of Fort McHenry • September 13, 1814 – British Warships bombed Fort McHenry all day and night • Francis Scott Key watched the bombardments from a ship in the harbor • The next day Key saw a tattered American flag waving at Fort McHenry. • Key captured his feelings in a poem called, “The Defense of Fort McHenry”. • Later on it was put to music and renamed “The Star Spangled Banner”. (It was adopted our national anthem in 1931)

20. Francis Scott Key

21. Fort McHenry (Today)

22. Ft. McHenry

23. Star Spangled Banner