HEALTH GEOGRAPHY OF ANDHRA PRADESH

1. HEALTH GEOGRAPHY OF ANDHRA PRADESH Dr. B.Shrinagesh Prof. Kalpana Markandey Mr. Kiran Baktula Mr. Bhagiaiah DEPARTMENT OF GEOGRAPHY OSMANIA UNIVERSITY HYDERABAD

2. Globalization “is the closer integration of countries and peoples of the world…..brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication ,and the breaking down of artificial barriers to the flow of goods, services, capital, Knowledge, and people across borders. Joseph Stiglitz

3. Globalization and its Impact • The world has become increasingly interconnected and interdependent • This has positive and negative consequences • Rapid industrialization and urbanization • Demand for energy and land • Profits maximized : no focus on standards and regulation • Pollution, improper waste disposal • Depletion of natural resources • Increased consumption • Globalization and infectious diseases

4. With changing climate, people have become more vulnerable to health risk at global level. • With the changing climate and the environment, and the change in the seasons, which in turn, affecting agriculture globally. • India, is not far behind, the current drought and flood situation is an indication to the future. • The deficiency in food nutrition has set new challenges to the government.(Food Bill was Passed in Parliament on 26/08/2013 IST) • Common person has become a soft target to various new diseases.

5. Factors that Influence the Earth's Climate Source: Internet

6. Modulating influences Extreme weather- related (floods, storms, etc.) health effects Microbial changes: Contamination paths Climate Climate Contamination Change Change Water and food-borne pathways diseases Transmission Transmission dynamics Vector - - borne and dynamics rodent - - borne diseases Changes in agro-ecosystems, hydrology Effects of food and water shortages Mental, nutritional, infectious-disease and other effects Socioeconomic and demographic disruption Health effects Health Effects Temperature-related Temperature - related illness and death illness and death Extreme weather - related health effects Human exposures Air pollution-related Air pollution - related health effects health effects Regional weather Regional weather Water and food - borne changes changes diseases • • Heat waves Heat waves Vector borne and • • Extreme weather Extreme weather rodent borne diseases • • Temperature Temperature • • Precipitation • Sea-level rise

7. IPCC WORKING GROUP I, Third Assessment Report, 2001

8. Impacts on Health ! Social Pathology

9. In fact, different locations on earth are usually associated with different profiles: • physical, • biological, • environmental, • economical, • social, • cultural and • sometimes even spiritual profiles, that do affect and are affected by health, disease and healthcare. • These profiles and associated health and disease conditions may also change with time (the longitudinal or temporal dimensions).

10. WHAT’S THIS BIZARRE OR

11. NATURE’S FURY

12. Today’s highly mobile, interdependent and interconnected world provides myriad opportunities for the rapid spread of infectious diseases Since the 1970s, newly emerging diseases have been identified at the unprecedented rate of one or more per year. There are now nearly 40 diseases that were unknown a generation ago. In addition, during the last five years, WHO has verified more than 1100 epidemic events worldwide.

13. The categories and examples given below illustrate the variety and breadth of public health threats confronting people today. Epidemic-prone diseases Food borne diseases Accidental and deliberate outbreaks Toxic chemical accidents Radio nuclear accidents Environmental disasters

14. Infectious diseases Infectious diseases such as • Malaria, • Leprosy, • Filariasis, • Tuberculosis, • Hepatitis and • Sexually transmitted infections including HIV/AIDS are major health issues

15. Significance of the study Health geography plays a vital role in public health surveillance, including the design and monitoring of the implementations of health interventions and disease prevention strategies. Geographical research into healthcare services can also help identifying inequities in health service delivery between classes and region, and in the efficient allocation and monitoring of scarce healthcare resources. As a modelling and decision support tool, GIS can help determining the geographical distribution and variation of diseases (e.g. prevalence, incidence) and associated factors, analyzing spatial and longitudinal trends, mapping population at risk and stratifying risk factors.

16. Andhra Pradesh is one of the fastest growing states in the country. IT development has made A.P. as the most preferred global destination. Many MNCs have established themselves. In spite of development in IT field, there is considerable backwardness in Health sector. During the last ten years, the state has witnessed many new health related problems mainly in the rural areas. When it comes to the urban areas, the city of Hyderabad, which is considered as the health capital of India, has its own drawbacks.

17. Objectives • To study the prevalent diseases across the state of Andhra Pradesh. • To study the infrastructural facilities available and suggest the alternatives.

18. Methodology Data Collection Spatial Data Primary (Attribute Data) Secondary (Attribute Data) Satellite Image ( Medium & High Resolution) AP Map & Survey of India Toposheets Sample Survey of villages DMHO data APVVP data Data from DME And other private hospitals Digitization of Layer Boundaries Linking of Spatial & Attribute Data Carving of AOI

19. Data Sources • Primary Data through a sample survey of households by means of a multidimensional questionnaire • Directorate of Medical and Health Office • Andhra Pradesh VaidyaVidhanaParishad • National Sample Survey • Directorate of Medical Education • Private Hospitals and Research centres • Census of India • Satellite Imagery of the disasters form NRSC • Toposheet and ground checks

20. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH

21. LANDUSE/LANDCOVER OF ANDHRA PRADESH

22. WATER BODIES OF AP

27. PREVALENT DISEASES IN ANDHRA PRADESH

28. DISEASES PREVALENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH 2001-2011 NO.0F CASES YEAR

29. Contd. DISEASES PREVALENT IN ANDHRA PRADESH 2001-2011 No. OF CASES YEAR

30. DEATHS AS PER DISEASES PREVALENT No. OF DEATHS YEAR

31. Contd. DEATHS AS PER DISEASES PREVALENT No.OF DEATHS YEAR

33. Gastroenteritis cases in Andhra Pradesh 1991-2001

34. MALARIA CASES IN ANDHRA PRADESH 2006-2010 CASES DISTRICTS

35. MALARIA DEATHS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 2006-2010 DEATHS DISTRICT

36. MALARIA CASES & DEATHS IN ANDHRA PRADESH 2002-2012 CASES AND DEATHS YEAR

39. PROJECTION OF VITAL STATISTICS

42. INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

43. AmartyaSen for better health care (24-10-2009) (The Hindu) Nobel laureate Amartya Sen said that India needs to invest more on providing basic health care services, especially in rural areas and backward states. The elementary health care services are worst in some of the backward states like Chhattisgarh, Bihar, Jharkand. He also lauded India’s growth trajectory but he emphasized that health care planning is not able to tackle various problems in its implementation.

49. STRENGTH OF HOSPITALS IN AP, DISTRICT WISE 2011

50. PUBLIC HEALTH CENTRES ANDHRA PRADESH