NASA Vehicle Systems Program Overview

1. NASA Vehicle Systems Program Overview UAV Opportunities Conference Technology Review

2. Aeronautics ResearchMission To provide advanced aeronautical technologies to meet the challenges of next generation systems in aviation, for civilian and scientific purposes, in our atmosphere and in those of other worlds. Our success is measured by the extent to which our results are used by others to improve the quality of life and enable exploration and scientific knowledge

3. Aeronautics Research Priorities and Programs Programmatic Priorities Ensure NASA contribution to Joint Program & Development Office (JPDO) Emphasize public good research Enhance uninhabited aerial vehicles (UAV) research Assess possibilities for supersonics Increase planetary aircraft research Determine if there is a requirement to continue hypersonics research Programs Aviation Safety & Security Airspace Systems Vehicle Systems

4. Vehicle Systems Program • GOAL: • Provide breakthrough technology for significantly advanced future air vehicles. • APPROACH: • Develop technologies and demonstrate them in flight to provide evidence of barrier breakthroughs. • BENEFITS: • Opens more communities to air transportation • Enables new air transportation models by doubling vehicle speed capability • Eliminates aviation pollution • Enables new science platforms

5. Demonstration Projects SUBSONIC NOISE REDUCTION — Start by demonstrating a 50% noise reduction compared to 1997 state of the art. SONIC BOOM REDUCTION — Start by demonstrating technology that could enable an acceptable sonic boom level. HIGH ALTITUDE LONG ENDURANCE — Start by demonstrating a 14-day duration high-altitude, aircraft. ZERO EMISSIONS AIRCRAFT — Start by demonstrating an aircraft powered by hydrogen fuels cells.

6. Vehicle Systems Program Schedule

7. HALE - Barrier Breakthroughs Barrier: On-station extreme duration for HALE vehicles • 1st barrier up to 14 days • 2nd barrier more than 30 days Description: Demonstrated endurance of HALE systems to date limited to less that 3 days (SOA Boeing Condor, 1989). • HALE systems require significant support personnel and ground station infrastructure to operate, while not yet achieving levels of safety and reliability equivalent to piloted systems. Objectives: • Project will develop specialized technologies that enable extreme duration flight: • ultra-lightweight structural concepts, • highly-automated uncrewed flight systems capable of achieving required levels of safety and reliability, • efficient fuel cell/solar based regenerative propulsion systems. • Project will integrate technologies into a commercially viable flight system and verify the achievement of desired capability goals through flight demonstrations. • HALE Demonstration Project will enable new capabilities for the NASA science and exploration missions.

8. HALE Capabilities Platform Capability Altitude Endurance Payload Range Navigation Mission Capability Communications Sensors Integration Multi-aircraft Airspace Capability Routine Access To NAS Exploration Capabilities Robotic applications Autonomous, multi-vehicle, robotic operations Intelligent Mission Management Planetary Flight Risk Reduction

9. Why HALE? Missions Enabled by HALE Capabilities Earth Science Homeland Defense • Hurricane Trackers • Severe Storm Penetrating Daughterships • Polar Ozone Monitoring • NOAA GUPS/Pac-Plus • EPA Mercury Compliance • Bi-Coastal transport flux models • Urban-to-Rural Pollution Transport • Urban Heat Island measurements • Central America Biological Corridor • Stratospheric Pseudo-satellite • First Responder • Border Patrol • Coastal Surveillance • Forest Fire Monitoring • NBC Detection & Tracking • Disaster information networks • Sensor development platforms Commercialization Space Science • Telecomm platforms • HDTV broadcast • Resource monitoring • Traffic control • Precision agriculture • Digital GIS • Cargo UAV’s • Mars Water Survey • Global magnetism survey • Radiation models • Astro-biology • Upper atmosphere measurements • High Altitude High Energy Astrophysics platforms

10. HALE Demonstrations State of the Art Helios FY03 SubOrbital LE Observer, FY08 Global Observer FY10 Heavy Lifter FY16 Global Ranger FY12 Altitude 60k / 100k ft 60k ft + 60k ft + 75k ft 60k ft + Endurance 1 Day / 1 Hour 14 day 60+ day 2 Day 30-90 Day Payload 50 kg 200 kg 150kg 20 X 200 X Global +/- 45 deg Lat Global All Latitudes Global +/- 35 deg Lat Regional All Latitudes Range Local Inflatable/deployable aerostructures High power electrical propulsion Continuous aero-trim optimization Structures Active shape control Hydrogen fueled, Lightweight LH2 tank, Low SFC @ 10kW Turbulence resistant, Over Horizon Comm. Lightweight airframe Regenerative fuel cell, Thin film solar cells, light weight energy storage Autonomous Ops Superconductor motors Multi-function LH2 tanks Low SFC @ 500 kW Example Technology Power Flight Control / Autonomy Intelligent vehicle systems management

11. Suborbital Long Endurance Concept

12. Exploration Concept The Wright brothers took humankind to our sky, Let us fully utilize and protect our sky and take humankind to other skies.

13. SUMMARY VEHICLE SYSTEMS PROGRAM • A clear focus on barrier-breaking demonstrations • Completely support public good benefits for environment and science • Management practices are solid and have been favorably reviewed • Strategic National VS Plan guides future investments …HALE is key breakthrough for Science Mission