World War I

1. World War I

2. Format of Test • 10 Matching • 10 Fill in the Blank (NO word bank) • 5 Multiple Choice • 5 True/ False • 4 Short Answer

3. Unit Concepts • Causes of the War/ US involvement • New military technology and fighting tactics • Sequences of events and battles • Outcomes/Repercussions of the War and the Treaty of Versailles (how did this lead to WWII)

4. Causes of the Conflict • Mutual Defense Alliances- complex system of alliances brought entire continent into war • Imperialism- struggle for colonies in Africa and Asia • Nationalism- struggle for power in Europe • Militarism- intense arms buildup before war • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand- the tipping point

5. Web of Alliances What is an alliance? Why is it formed?

6. Web of Alliances • European powers made alliances over the years for mutual defense and to maintain the balance of power on the continent. • In an alliance, you are bound to defend your ally if they are attacked. • Once fighting started, the war spread across the continent as countries were obligated to fight with their allies.

7. *Alliances* Central Powers/ Triple Alliance Allied Powers/ Triple Entente Great Britain France Russia • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire • Bulgaria

11. Allied Powers • United Kingdom, France, and the Russian Empire. • Other members: Belgium, Serbia, Italy, Japan, Greece, and Romania. • The United States would later join on the side of the Allies.

12. Central Powers • German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, and the Kingdom of Bulgaria.

13. Web of Alliances • After the Archduke Franz Ferndinand was killed by a Serbian/Bosnian revolutionary a chain of war declarations occurred. • July 28 Austria -> Serbia • August 1 Germany -> Russia • August 3 Germany -> France

14. Imperialism European countries were all trying to colonize Africa which set them up for conflict.

15. Imperialism

16. *Nationalism* • What is Nationalism? • Intense pride for one’s homeland. • People who belong to a nation should have their own country and govt.

17. Militarism • Due to imperialism many European countries began building up arms. • They were somewhat already prepared for war. • Anglo-German naval race

18. Assassination of the Archduke

19. The Assassin • Gavrilo Princip • *Nationalist* • In Sarajevo

20. Peace Movement The Home Front • Women divided, but most active • Germans, Irish • Religious pacifists • Intellectuals

21. American Involvement (or lack thereof) • The US became *isolationalist.* • What do you think this means? • *Why would the US want to be isolated from conflict?*

22. American Isolationalism • Close ties to England and France. • President Wilson’s cabinet overwhelmingly supported Great Britain. • British propaganda • Economy • trading partners with the Allies • loans to the Allies.

23. American Involvement • *Lusitania* • British passenger ship • Sunk by *German U-Boats* • Sussex • French passenger ferry • Led to *Sussex Pledge* • Zimmerman Note/ Telegram • Germany encouraged Mexico to turn against US

24. American Involvement • Germany resumes unrestricted sub. warfare. • Feb. 1917, Sunk 4 American merchant ships • US declared war against Germany 2 months later • Building up the Military • Selective Service • African Americans, segregated units • 1st war for women

25. American Involvement • Organizing Industry • Co-op between Big Business and the Govt. • War Industries Board • Victory Gardens • Daylight Savings time • Liberty and Victory Bonds

26. American Involvement • Mobile Workforce • National War Labor Board (NWLB) • More women • Stopped flow of immigrants, sought out A.A. instead, led to the “Great Migration” • Mexican Americans moved to S.W.

27. American Involvement • Public Support • Committee on Public Information (CPI) • Espionage • Mistreatment of German Americans, radical labor activists, socialists, pacifists, etc. • Schneck v. the United States, limited speech

28. Techniques of WWI • Combat in WWI • Trench warfare • “No man’s land” • Moved only a few miles on either side for during the entirety of the war • *Attrition*

29. *New Technologies of WWI* • Poison gas • German • Chlorine gas • Tanks • British

30. *New Technologies of WWI* • Airplanes • British • Machine guns

31. Russians • 1917, Lenin overthrew the Russian govt. to set up a Communist govt. • He pulled Russia out of the war to focus on establishing a communist state.

32. Details about the War • *Eastern Front* • *Western Front* • Outline on map • *Eastern Front* • *Western Front* • Outline on map

33. Americans in the War • *Monroe doctrine* kept us out of the war until the last year. • American “Doughboys” boosted the morale of the Allied forces. • Convoys (proposed by a US admiral) to bring troops and merchant ships • March 1918, Germany attacked the Western Front (Paris)

34. Americans in the War • Sept. 1918, American General Pershing planned the most massive attack in US history at the time. • Nov. 1918, Germany signed an armistice (cease-fire)

35. Outcomes • *Big Four* • Allied Leaders who met at the Paris Conference • US, Woodrow Wilson • Britain, David Lloyd George • Italy, Vittorio Orlando • France, Georges Clemenceau

36. Outcomes- Flawed? • Jan. 1919, Allied nations met at Paris • *Wilson brought his 14 Points.* • Addressed the “principle of justice to all people and nationalities” • Free trade and disarmament • Open diplomacy • Central powers must evacuate all countries invaded • *League of Nations* created (US did NOT join)

37. Outcomes- Flawed? • The other Allieds believe that the 14 pts. were too lenient towards Germany. • Treaty of Versailles • Stripped Germany of its armed forces • Made it pay *reparations* (war damages to Allies.)

38. Outcomes- Flawed? • 1) It limited the German Army to 100,000 men, demilitarized much of western Germany, and forbade the German ownership of military aircraft, poison gas, or any naval units. • 2) Huge war reparations were demanded of the Germans. • 3) German Representatives thought that the Treaty was laid out by Wilson which signified US Betrayal.

39. Outcome- Flawed? • 4) Occupation • 5) Put the sole blame for the war on Germany • .6) The German Representative who signed the Treaty, Fredrick Ebert, was Jewish. Post-WWI, growing anger regarding the Treaty and economic downturn (Most bankers were Jewish) led to a rise in Anti-Semitism.

40. *New Countries after WWI* • Russia renounced all claims to: • Estonia • Finland • Lativia • Lithuania • Poland

41. Outcomes back in the US • Economy • Racial Unrest • Red Scare • End of Progressivism

42. “War to end all wars”