UNDP’s Role and Gender Perspectives in Early Recovery

1. UNDP’s Role and Gender Perspectives in Early Recovery Gender and Humanitarian Action Workshop for UN-WOMEN Staff Ashok Malhotra and Cameron Noble UNDP Pacific Centre, Suva, Fiji March 14, 2012

2. Contents 1. UNDP’s Leadership in Early Recovery 2. What is Early Recovery 3. Early Recovery Cluster 4. Early Recovery Network 5. Early Recovery Framework 6. L-Shaped Model of Early Recovery Coordination 7. Early Recovery Process 8. Early Recovery Planning and Programming 9. Early Recovery Interventions 10. Time-frame for Interventions 11. Resource Mobilization 12. Early Recovery Interventions – Examples from the Pacific 13. Issues and Challenges 14. Resource Material

3. UNDP’s Leadership on Early Recovery • IASC’s Cluster Working Group on Early Recovery (CWGER); • UNDP will act as a global hub of knowledge management on early recovery; and • UNDP will advocate for increased technical and financial resources in this important area; (as part of this, it provides substantive backing for the Country Office)

4. What is Early Recovery? • Application of development principles in a humanitarian setting • National ownership; capacity utilization and support; and peoples’ participation • A stage in which humanitarian and development partners co-exist and interact • Early initiation of recovery planning and key programming to minimize the gap between relief and longer-term recovery.

6. Early Recovery Cluster • Areas of Early Recovery that are not covered by the other clusters such as livelihoods, reintegration, land and property, infrastructure, governance, or rule of law • UNDP in Lead; focus on Partnerships with Government, NGOs and Civil Society Organizations working on these issues • ER Cluster Coordinator ensures inclusion of these issues in early recovery policy & programmes

7. Early Recovery Network • UNDP coordinates the ER Network • The ER Network makes ER a common concern and avoids limiting it to the work of one cluster • A Network of ER Focal Points from each of the other clusters to work together on inclusion of early recovery. • Resident Coordinator has the lead responsibility for coordinating the ER efforts with each of the other IASC Clusters • Systematically planning and implementing early recovery interventions within the context of their own specific areas of work.

8. Early Recovery Framework

9. L-Shaped Model of ER Coordination

10. Early Recovery Process

11. Early Recovery Planning and Programming • Assessment of Early Recovery Needs • National Policy Formulation • Capacity-building of Governments • Information Collection and Management • Resource Mobilization and Aid Coordination • Advocacy and Public Information

12. Early Recovery Interventions • Restoration of social and community services • Stabilization of Livelihoods • Technical Assistance for Shelter • Capacity-building support for the Government • Disaster Risk Reduction • Gender-specific Assistance (8 Point Agenda) • Social Inclusion • Monitoring & Evaluation • Early Recovery Interventions

13. Time-frame for Interventions • In a disaster situation, early recovery planning and implementation activities need to be carried out as quickly as possible • In a drought situation, the time-frame may be longer (assessment, identification of interventions, capacity-building of local-level institutions) • In a conflict situation, early recovery situation may last for years

14. Resource Mobilization • BCPR’s Coordination Assistance • Including Early Recovery in Flash Appeal • Re-allocation of Core Resources • Development of Proposals for Donors • Multi-donor Trust Funds • Linkages with other UNDP’s Programmes

15. Early Recovery Interventions in the Pacific Balancing demand and supply • Samoa: ER cluster activated (first time) • Fiji: Capacity assessment of Dept of Agri, Provision of seedlings and weedicides, Socio-economic impact assessment, but no cluster for ER • Fiji: National Gender Training* • Tonga: Cash for work, provision of equipments for fishing and mat weaving • Cook Islands: ER cluster not formally activated but with inputs from UN and other agencies. Government formed its own mechanism * http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/MUMA-7ZW92Q?OpenDocument

16. Issues and Challenges • Capacity-augmentation on an immediate basis • Early Recovery Programming • Raising Resources (TRAC Funding; Trust Funds) • Providing Technical Support • Sustaining the Support • Low government involvement sometimeslead to weak operational linkage between cluster and government mechanisms • Cross-cutting nature makes it hard to identify one counterpart agency within national and local authorities • Need for recovery planning in addition to response planning at country level

17. Gender in Early Recovery • Why are gender issues in recovery important? • How is gender considered in ER? • What is the opportunity that ER presents for greater gender equality?

18. Why is it important in ER? • Recovery can’t be resilient without addressing gender issues • Cuts recovery timelines and is a more efficient recovery strategy • Offers an opportunity to address wider societal issues • Gender equality is a principle goal of the UN in terms of the equal sharing in the distribution of power, resources, opportunity and treatment of men and women. • Crisis affects men and women differently • Relations between men and women can be drastically affected by the crisis (+ & -)

19. How is Gender Considered? • In ER assessments: • Gender analysis is conducted and is incorporated in to overall ER assessment • Data disaggregated by sex and age • Assess gender roles and capacities in the home and workplace pre-disaster assessed • Assess the unique effects of disaster and needs of women, men, girls and boys addressed and changes in relations • Identify inequalities that need to be addressed (power, resources, services etc.) • Resources and services recommended are culturally and gender appropriate but…don’t reinforce stereotypes and challenge inequality • Assessment team has gender balance and women are available to talk with target women if required

20. How is Gender Considered? • In planning: • Views of all gender groups are taken in to perspective • In community consultations, ensure the voice of women and girls are heard through mixed and separate discussions (boys and young men too) • Consult women in the design of projects for housing, work projects, transitional health care and education etc. • Place women in leadership roles for planning • Gender budgeting and • planning in government • processes for ER • Include gender advisor

21. How is Gender Considered? • In project implementation: • Place women in leadership roles in community representation and/or project management • Facilitate active engagement with and participation by women and girls through local organizations • Support men and boys in new roles (e.g. in the home, non-violent masculinities, supportive of women as main breadwinners) • Consider the needs of different gender roles (women as mothers, homemakers, providers; Men as workers outside the home etc.) when designing programmes • Continually listen to the voice of women throughout project and make necessary adjustments • Address promptly but sensitively any objections to women’s full participation • Start process of institutional change

22. How is Gender Considered? • In project implementation: • Temporary employment programmes equally benefit men and women • Deed new houses in both name and promote land rights for women • Challenge rules or traditions that reinforce inequality • Have gender specific projects that contribute to the gender equality that may empower women and girls in order to reduce their vulnerability, build self-esteem and leadership, provide them with financial resources, protect their rights and participate in society equally or address • Introduce non-traditional gender roles in projects • Provide contraception to allow women to control births

23. How is Gender Considered? • In M&E: • Baseline data is disaggregated by sex and age • Ensure that indicators include gender specific data (e.g. women’s livelihoods, safety) • Support women’s organizations to monitor recovery initiatives from a gender perspective • Monitor possible negative effects of any changes in power (domestic violence as a reaction to women’s empowerment) • Monitor satisfaction towards equality-promoting projects by both sexes

24. How is Gender Considered? • UNDP’s Eight-Point Agenda for Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Crisis Prevention and Recovery • 1. Strengthen Women’s Security in Crisis. • 2. Advance Gender Justice. • 3. Expand Women’s Citizenship, Participation and Leadership. • 4. Build Peace with and for Women. • 5. Promote Gender Equality in Disaster Risk Reduction. • 6. Ensure Gender-Responsive Recovery. • 7. Transform Government to Deliver for Women. • 8. Develop Capacities for Social Change.

25. How is Gender Considered? • UNDP’s Eight-Point Agenda for Women’s Empowerment and Gender Equality in Crisis Prevention and Recovery • 1. Strengthen Women’s Security in Crisis. • Stop violence against women • 3. Expand Women’s Citizenship, Participation and Leadership. • Advance women as decision makers • 5. Promote Gender Equality in Disaster Risk Reduction. • Help women and men build back better • 6. Ensure Gender-Responsive Recovery. • Promote women as leaders of recovery. • 8. Develop Capacities for Social Change. • Work together to transform society

26. Resource Materials • Eight Point Agenda: Practical, positive outcomes for girls and women in crisis, UNDP/BCPR http://www.undp.org/cpr/we_do/8_pa.shtml • Key Things to Know About Gender Equality as a “Cross-Cutting Issue” in Early Recovery, UNDP/BCPR http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Early%20Recovery/publicdocuments/Key%20things%20ER%20actors%20need%20to%20know%20about%20GENDER.doc • Guide to Gender-Aware Post-Disaster Needs Assessment, CWGER http://oneresponse.info/GlobalClusters/Early%20Recovery/publicdocuments/CWGER_Guide_GenderAware_PostDisaster_NeedsAssessment.pdf • Gender Equality Policy, UNOCHA http://ochaonline.un.org/HumanitarianIssues/GenderEquality/GenderPolicy/tabid/1190/Default.aspx • IASC Gender Handbook http://www.humanitarianreform.org/Default.aspx?tabid=656

27. Resource Materials • Guidance Note on Early Recovery, CWGER http://www.recoveryplatform.org/resources/guidance_notes_on_recovery • Training of Trainers Manual on Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Risk Management, UNDP India http://data.undp.org.in/GndrMainstreamingDM.pdf • Gender Sensitive Disaster Management: A Toolkit for Practitioners http://www.eldis.org/vfile/upload/1/document/0812/Gnder%20sensitive%20disaster%20management%20Toolkit.pdf • Gender Awareness and Development Manual - Resource Material for Gender Trainers http://www.undp.org.af/whoweare/UNDPinAfghanistan/Projects/dcse/GenderManuals/Gender%20Awareness%20and%20Development%20Manual.pdf • Mainstreaming Gender in Emergency Management: Selected Training Resources http://www.emforum.org/vforum/gender/TrainingResourceSheet.pdf

28. Resource Materials • Gender Mainstreaming in Disaster Reduction, UNISDR http://www.crid.or.cr/crid/PDF/Docs.%20PDF/ISDR%20CSW%206%20March%2002-vers2.pdf • Women, Gender and the Hyogo Platform for Action, Gender and Disaster Network http://www.gdnonline.org/Sourcebook • Socio-Economic and Gender Analysis for Emergency and Rehabilitation Programmes. SEAGA ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/y5702e/y5702e.pdf • The Gendered Terrain of Disaster: Through Women’s Eyes. Enarson, Elaine http://www.gdnonline.org/sourcebook/chapt/doc_view.php?id=7&docid=388 • Mainstreaming Gender into Disaster Recovery and Reconstruction. Dimitríjevics, Anna http://www.gender-climate.org/pdfs/Beijing%20-%20Mainstreaming%20Gender%20into%20Disaster%20Recovery%20and%20Recostruct_.pdf

29. Resource Materials • Gender Manual. A practical guide for development policy makers and practitioners. Derbyshire, Helen http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.dfid.gov.uk/Documents/publications/gendermanual.pdf • Gender Tool Kit - instruments for gender mainstreaming. Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation http://www.ddc.admin.ch/en/Home/Themes/Gender/General_and_thematic_tools/General_tools • Gender and Post-Crisis Reconstruction. A Practitioner’s Handbook. UN-HABITAT http://www.unhabitat.org/downloads/docs/5500_35498_Gender%20Update%202.pdf • Gender mainstreaming in practice. A handbook. UNDP http://europeandcis.undp.org/gender/show/67D31763-F203-1EE9-B1365C5F0A4ED633

30. Thank youQuestions, Comments & Discussion