Roy Freeland President, Perpetuum Ltd

1. Roy Freeland President, Perpetuum Ltd • Chair ISA100.18 Power Sources Working Group. • Chair UK Government Energy Harvesting S.I.G • EU Zeropower Scientific Advisory Committee

2. Standards for WSN Power Sources • International Society for Automation ISA100 Family of Standards for Industrial WSN’s -100.11a Wireless Standard • ISA100.18 Power Sources Working Group • Key objectives are • Define specifications for the interchangeability of power sources • Use cases in range 0.1mW to 30mW • Including batteries, energy harvesters, and other power sources • Define performance specifications to facilitate comparison and selection of optimum power sources for application. • Cooperating with a range of organizations • VDI on battery standards for WSNs • Other organizations using 802.15.4 (e.g. WirelessHART, Zigbee) • “Metrology for Energy Harvesting “project (EU funded European Metrology Research Programme (EMRP))

3. No Single Harvester is Universal Solution • Easy choice of Power Source is needed • Leading wireless instrumentation suppliers have chosen universal system • Generic Energy Harvester Adapter Module – GEHAM • Enables Plug and Play Interchangeability: • Vibration Harvester • Thermal Harvester • 24V DC

4. Battery Pack to IPM Standard OEM Battery Module GEHAMCircuit Integrate GEHAM into OEM Battery Module Intelligent Power Module (IPM) • Wide range of input voltage levels: 8V – 24V. • Integrated robust capacitive storage for duty cycle • Intelligent Power Management circuitry • Hazardous Zone 0, Class 1 Division 1 • Same form, fit & function as original OEM battery module • Reduce or eliminate battery change costs & logistics • Add energy harvesting now or later

5. Example GEHAM: Emerson IPM • Emerson Intelligent Power Module accepts • Perpetuum Vibration Harvester • Micropelt Thermal Harvester • Perpetua Thermal Harvester • 24V DC • Others to be added • ATEX, IECEx, FM approved • (Not all power sources)

6. Example Installations Oxea and Firestone

7. Honeywell Power Module • Battery pack - regulated external power input • Internal harvester energy storage • Replaces the standard IS Battery Pack in a Honeywell XYR 6000 transmitter • Accepts external harvester power up to 20V • Batteries only necessary for network joining • Internal capacitance power for normal radio transmissions • With Perpetuum Energy Harvester on a suitable vibration source • Extend battery life >10years • 4 second transmitter repetition rate • ATEX, IECEx, FM approved •

8. Rapid growth in EH powered WSN’s • Wireless Sensor Nodes deployed in many new applications • Train bearings – many thousands being monitored • EH powered self contained WSN • Harvester • ARM processor • RF transmitter • Live bearing data available • Displayed over Internet • Powerful business case • On demand maintenance

9. WiBRATE FP7 Project

10. Performance Standards • End Users want to know if Harvester will “work” in their plant • Will not know • How much power needed • What energy sources available (heat, vibration etc..) • Characteristics of energy source • Performance Standard needs to help select • Harvester Type (Thermal. Vibration etc.) – this problem being solved by GEHAM • Which Thermal/other Harvester will give best power output in particular or all applications • So - Easy Task!!!

11. Vibration Harvesters Issues • Performance depends on many variables • Type of vibration • Sinusoidal fixed /sinusoidal variable/ stochastic/ variable/multi frequency/ other • Magnitude (g) • Nominal Frequency/Frequencies • Variation in Frequency • During operation • From one machine to another • Reference test conditions typical of practical applications (also applies to other harvesters) • Measurement of output : • Time to charge energy storage • Output achieved through GEHAM