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NB. Most of today’s slides are not covered in the text book.

This text explores the different parameters of sound in music, the sources of musical sounds, and introduces some useful terminology for describing music. It covers topics such as pitch, duration, timbre, dynamics, vocal ranges, classical orchestral instruments, and the business of music.

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NB. Most of today’s slides are not covered in the text book.

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  1. NB. Most of today’s slides are not covered in the text book.

  2. What is “Music”? “Organized Sounds and Silences”--John Cage

  3. What can you organize? The 4 Parameters of Sound Pitch = the frequency of vibration (heard as “high” vs. “low”) Duration = the length of time a sound lasts (heard as aspects of rhythm) Timbre = tone color (the source of the sound, i.e., instrument, voice, other) Dynamics = Loudness/Softness More Music Terminology—mine (not in the book)—today and next week

  4. TIMBRE Pronounced “tam-ber” Also known as “tone color” The aspect of sound that makes a guitar different from a saxophone Literally, the source of a sound Technically derives from the “shape” of the sound wave [don’t need to know this]

  5. Sources of Musical Sounds • Human Voices (probably the earliest way humans made music) - soprano, alto, tenor, bass (& others) • Musical Instruments (devices or “tools” for making and controlling sounds) - strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion • “Other” sources, e.g., “natural” sounds, electronic devices (synthesizers), etc.

  6. Examples of Human Voices • Vocal Range from Bass to Soprano – YouTube • Female Voice Types – YouTube • Mariah Carey - Vocal Range In 1 Minute! (F2-Bb7) • Adele '21' Studio Vocal Range - C3-D6 – YouTube • Russian Basso Profondo: The Lowest Voices - YouTube • My "Basso Profondo" Range (F1 to F5) - YouTube • Adam Lopez - Highest Vocal Note- Guinness World Record – YouTube

  7. Examples of ClassicalOrchestral Instruments • How To Listen To Music 1: Orchestral String Instruments – YouTube • How To Listen To Music 2: Orchestral Brass Instruments – YouTube • How To Listen To Music 3: Orchestral Woodwind Instruments - YouTube • How To Listen To Music 4: Orchestral Percussion Instruments - YouTube • Instruments of the Orchestra - YouTube

  8. Back in the text book (briefly).

  9. Five “Themes” Listening Critically Music and Identity Music and Technology Music is a Business Music has “Centers” and “Peripheries” (places)

  10. Music and Business(Theme 4) Music as a commodity(something bought and sold, and “consumed”) Industrial Model- efficient (“assembly line”) production- marketing- distribution and sales Illusion of “individuality”- manipulation of taste- leads to passivity- fragments community Theodor Adorno1903-1969

  11. Music Makers Brill Building (NYC) Capitol Records (LA) Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller “Wrecking Crew” (LA Studio Musicians)

  12. “Indies”(Independent Regional Companies) Sam Phillips (1922-2003) Sun Records (Memphis, TN) “Million Dollar Quartet”

  13. Behind the Scenes David Sarnoff(1891-1971)NBC, RCA Berry Gordy(b. 1929)Motown Records Quincy Jones(b. 1933)trumpeter, conductor, arranger, composer, producer, record company executive.27 Grammys,Rock ‘n Roll Hall of Fame (2013) Phil Spector(b. 1939)“Brill Building” 2009 – Conviction for 2nd degree Murder

  14. (Still More) Useful Terms for Describing Music (my terms – most not in the textbook)

  15. “RHYTHM” From a Greek word (“rhythmos”) that means “flow” Refers to all temporal (durational) elements in a piece of music “The organization of time in music, dividing up long spans of time into smaller, more easily comprehended units”

  16. Some Terms related to Rhythm Beat – regular, unchanging pulse Accent – emphasis on a beat (or other) Meter – measurement of time in regular groupings of beats Measure or Bar – one group in a Meter- can be Duple, Triple, or Quadruple Division of beats can be Simple (2) or Compound (3) Tempo – speed of the beat

  17. Examples for Rhythm • The Thunderer by John Philip Sousa – YouTube • Johann Strauss II - The Blue Danube Waltz – YouTube • Dave Brubeck - Take Five ( Original Video) – YouTube • Alan Jackson - Amazing Grace – YouTube • The King's Singers - Greensleeves – YouTube • Jethro Tull - Living In The Past 1969 – YouTube • Don Ellis 1977 (10) Pussywiggle Stomp • Monks singing Gregorian Chant in a Catholic Benedictine Seminary

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