Do Now:

1. Do Now: • Please open your notebooks to page 32. I realize we are skipping pages right now we will go back to fill them in during class.) • On the top of page 32 title the page Greece Quiz/ Review and Results. • We will be completing the quiz review at the very beginning of the class and then filling in the missing Greece notes and wrapping up the speed dating activity. • Thank you.

2. What form of government was invented in Athens? • monarchy • communism • oligarchy • democracy #1

3. Which famous Greek writer wrote The Odyssey and The Iliad? • Aristotle • Plato • Homer • Pythagoras #2

4. What is Pythagoras known for making contributions to? • literature • mathematics • art • government #3

5. Which of these was NOT one of the three greatest Greek philosophers? • Aristotle • Plato • Socrates • Archimedes #4

6. Which of these famous Greeks is considered the “father of modern medicine”? • Hippocrates • Homer • Aristotle • Plato #5

7. What form of government was invented in Athens? • monarchy • communism • oligarchy • democracy #1 ANSWER: D

8. Which famous Greek writer wrote The Odyssey and The Iliad? • Aristotle • Plato • Homer • Pythagoras #2 ANSWER: C

9. What is Pythagoras known for making contributions to? • literature • mathematics • art • government #3 ANSWER: B

10. Which of these was NOT one of the three greatest Greek philosophers? • Aristotle • Plato • Socrates • Archimedes #4 ANSWER: D

11. Which of these famous Greeks is considered the “father of modern medicine”? • Hippocrates • Homer • Aristotle • Plato #5 ANSWER: A

12. HELLENISMand ALEXANDER THE GREAT

13. Mountains divided the Greeks into independent city-states, like Athens and Sparta Access to the sea increased trade and cultural diffusion (sharing of ideas) with other cultures

14. The Greek city-states, especially Athens, developed culturalinnovations that are still used today which transformed Greece into a “classical civilization”

15. Greek wealth and innovation made it a target for outside invaders (especially Persia) The Greek city-states, led by Sparta, defended themselves

16. From 493 B.C.E. to 479 B.C.E., Persian kings Darius and Xerxes tried (but failed) to conquer the Greeks in the Persian Wars

17. After the Persian Wars, the Greek city-states, led by rivals Athens and Sparta, fought each other in the Peloponnesian Wars

18. The Peloponnesian Wars left the Greeks weak and open to invasion; the invasion came from the Greeks’ neighbors to the north: Macedonia

19. Macedonians viewed themselves as Greeks and shared much of their culture However, the Greeks (especially the Athenians) viewed the Macedonians as barbarians, not as kinsmen (someone who is related)

20. In 338 B.C.E., King Philip II of Macedonia attacked and conquered the Greeks, but he was assassinated soon after this (possibly arranged by his wife)

21. The Macedonian Empire at the time of King Philip’s death

22. King Philip II had hired the great teacher and philosopher Aristotle to tutor his son Alexander “I am indebted to my father for living…but I am indebted to my teacher for living well.” Aristotle had recognized brilliance in the young Alexander and jumped at the chance to teach him

23. King Alexander of Macedonia Alexander was only 20 years old when he became king The well-educated Alexander was just as ambitious as he was brilliant at military strategy Once he cemented his power, he began to expand his empire

24. Alexander began his conquest by crushing a Greek revolt in Thebes; he ordered the death of 6,000 people and sold everyone else into slavery; his brutality convinced other Greeks to not rebel The Empire of Alexander the Great After gaining the generalship of all Greece, Alexander then launched his late father’s plans for expansion

25. Alexander set his sights on the Persian Empire and began his attack by conquering Egypt; Egyptians viewed Alexander as a liberator, freeing them from the Persians

26. In 331 B.C., Alexander attacked and defeated the mighty Persian army led by King Darius III Alexander destroyed the Persian capital of Persepolis

27. Alexander repeatedly defeated the Persians, a task that, years before, would have seemed impossible “There is nothing impossible to him who will try.” “I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep. I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.”

28. “The heavens cannot brook two suns… nor Earth two masters.” Alexander completely conquered the Persian Empire, overthrowing its king; he then set his sights on India

29. Alexander led his army to conquer India; after taking the Indus River Valley, Alexander planned on reaching “the ends of the Earth and the Great Outer Sea”; basically, he wanted to conquer Asia

30. After a particularly hard-fought battle against an Indian king, Alexander faced a crisis: his troops were exhausted after being away for 11 years and wanted to return home; after a near-mutiny, he agreed

31. At this point, it was 323 B.C.E; Alexander had conquered a massive empire, one of the largest in history

32. Alexander began plans to govern and unify his kingdom, but he fell ill in Babylon and died at the age of 32; his death was caused by a combination of exhaustion, fever, and too much drink The Empire of Alexander the Great

33. When Alexander died without an heir, his empire was divided among his top generals, who fought each other Alexander's empire was the largest of the Classical Era, but it was short-lived (only 13 years) and was never fully unified

34. Remarkable as his conquests were, Alexander’s legacy was not his reign; his true legacy was spreading Greek innovations and culture throughout his empire In each territory he conquered, Alexander left behind a Greek-styled city named Alexandria

35. Alexander brought Greek colonists and culture to Persia and parts of Asia, blending the cultures together; this created a new culture called Hellenism The term “Hellenism” comes from the sun goddess Helen, which the Greeks thought themselves the children of; they called Greek culture “Hellenism”

36. Alexandria in Egypt was the most significant of these cities and best represented Hellenism (the spread and blending of Greek culture)

37. Alexandria became the center for Hellenistic culture and trade for the Mediterranean world Alexandria had a museum and library that preserved Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultures and attracted scholars for centuries

38. ALEXANDER THE GREAT: A SUMMARY He was well-educated and a military genius His interest in Greek culture as well as Persian, Egyptian, and Indian ideas led to a vibrant new culture: Hellenism Hellenism helped shape future civilizations (including Western civilization)

39. ALEXANDER THE GREAT: A SUMMARY His empire was enormous, but would not last as long as other great empires in history Nonetheless, he is a major part of Greek history and myth He became the measure against which many generals, even to this day, compare themselves to