Periodic Table Organization

1. Periodic Table Organization Investigative Science Objective: Coloring and Labeling the Periodic Table

2. Periodic Table History • In 1830 there were 55 known elements. A few were gases. Two elements were liquids and the rest were metals. • In 1860 Demitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing atomic mass order and it created a repeating pattern of their properties. He is known as the father of the Periodic Table • NOTE: He did not put them in increasing atomic number….Why not?

3. Arranging the Periodic Table • The modern Periodic Table is arranged in increasing order by atomic number. • Atomic number identifies the element and determines the properties of the element, number of protons always stay the same. • If the number of electrons is different from protons you have an ion. • If the number of neutrons is different, then you have an isotope.

4. Element Name Potassium 19 K 39.10 0.8 Atomic Number Symbol Atomic Mass Electronegativity The Key to the Periodic Table Atomic number = # Protons (positive particles in an atom) # Electrons (negative particles in an atom) = # Protons…if a neutral atom To find neutrons in an atom: Atomic Mass – Atomic Number = Number of Neutrons

5. Step 1: Label Groups/Chemical families and Periods Groups/Chemical Families – Vertical columns from left to right numbered 1-18. Elements in the same family have similar properties. Periods – Horizontal rows from top to bottom are numbered 1-7

6. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 7 Group A: Representative Elements (The main group), metals and non-metals Group B: Transitional Elements

7. 1 18 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Groups are the columns of the Table Periods are the rows of the Table

8. Step 2: Shade major groups of Elements • Shade transition elements a single color and include in color key • Shade metals a single color and include in color key • Shade nonmetals in a single color and include in color key • Shade metalloids/semi-metals and in a single color and include in color key

9. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 7 Inner transitional elements Transitional elements & rare earth

10. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 These are synthetic elements 7 Metals: High conductivity, ductile, malleable, high luster

11. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 These are synthetic elements 7 Non-Metals No luster, poor conductors, tend to be gases and brittle solids

12. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 7 Metalloids /Semi-metals

13. Step 3: Outline Groups/Chemical Families • Outline Alkali metals and include in key • Outline Alkaline Earth metals and include in key • Outline Halogens and include in key • Outline Noble gases and include in key • Outline Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen families and include in key

14. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 7 Group 1A: Alkali Metals Group 7A: Halogens Group 2A: Alkaline Earth Metals Group 8A: Noble Gases

15. 1A 8A 1 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A 2 3 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B 1B 2B 4 5 6 7 Group 3A: Boron Family Group 5A: Nitrogen Family Group 4A: Carbon Family Group 6A: Oxygen Family

16. Let’s Check it…. Take a look at the shading on the next slide. Let’s review what we just did and make sure your table is colored correctly.