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Medical Terminology: A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber. Chapter 7: The Musculoskeletal System. Learning Outcomes. Identify related parts and functions Define related combining forms
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Medical Terminology:A Programmed Approach Paula Bostwick and Heidi Weber Chapter 7: The Musculoskeletal System
Learning Outcomes • Identify related parts and functions • Define related combining forms • Recall the common diagnoses, laboratory tests, and clinical procedures used in testing and treating disorders of the musculoskeletal system • Define related pathologies • Define related surgical terms • Recall the common pharmacological agents used in treating disorders of the musculoskeletal system
Structure and Function • Framework: Bones, joints, muscles • allows movement • protects and supports all the internal organs
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • acetabul(o) acetabulum • acromi(o) end point of the scapula • ankyl(o) bent, crooked • arthr(o) joint • brachi(o) arm
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • burs(o) bursa • calcane(o) heel • calci(o calcium • carp(o) wrist • cephal(o) head
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • cervic(o) neck • chondr(o) cartilage • condyl(o) knob, knuckle • cost(o) rib • crani(o) skull
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • dactyl(o) fingers, toes • fasci(o) fascia • femor(o femur • fibr(o) fiber • humer(o) humerus
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • ili(o) ilium • ischi(o) ischium • kyph(o) hump; bent • lamin(o) lamina • leiomy(o) smooth muscle
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • lumb(o) lumbar • maxill(o) upper jaw • metacarp(o) metacarpal • my(o) muscle • myel(o) spinal cord; bone marrow
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • oste(o) bone • patell(o) knee • ped(i), ped(o) foot • pelv(i) pelvis • phalang(o) finger or toe bone
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • pod(o) foot • pub(o) pubes • rachi(o) spine • radi(o) forearm bone • rhabd(o) rod-shaped
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • rhabdomy(o) striated muscle • scapul(o) scapula • scoli(o) curved • spondyl(o) vertebra • stern(o) sternum
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • synov(o) synovial membrane • tars(o) tarsus • ten(o), tend(o) tendon • tendin(o) tendon • thorac(o) thorax
Combining Terms • Combining Form Meaning • tibi(o) tibia • uln(o) ulna • vertebr(o) vertebra
Types of Bones • Total of 206 bones in the skeletal system which are classified according to their shape • Long, short, irregular, flat, sesamoid
Spinal Column • Extends from the base of the skull to the pelvis • Supports and stabilizes the body
Five Divisions of the Spine • 7 Cervical Vertebra (neck) • 12 Thoracic Vertebra (ribs) • 5 Lumbar Vertebra (back) • 5 Sacrum Vertebra (lower back) • 4 Coccyx Vertebra (tailbone)
Bones of Chest and Pelvis • Weight-transferring sections that keep the body balanced • Upper Girdle = Clavicle and scapula • Lower Girdle = Pelvis
Bones of the Extremities • Provide movement • Allow attachment of muscles
Joints • Described by their movement • Ball and Socket • Hinge • Pivot • Saddle • Condyloid
Muscles • Contract/extend to allow movement • Three types muscles for different functions
Body Movement • Adduction - toward the body • Supination - a turning up • Pronation - a turning down • Dorsiflexion - a bending up • Plantar flexion - a bending down
Diagnostic, Procedural, Laboratory • Findings assist in the diagnosis of medical conditions • Often used in combination, these test lead to a final diagnosis and assist in treatment planning
Pathological Terms • Pathological conditions can occur throughout the musculoskeletal system • May be present at birth or occur throughout the lifespan
Spina Bifida Spine Bifida Cystica Spina Bifida Uncudate
Symptoms, Abnormalities, & Conditions • Types of Fractures • Avulsion • Intracapsular
Joint Disorders • Occur from everyday use of a joint or injury related