1 / 45

Wales- Cymru

Wales- Cymru. Identity and nationalism. Wales (2)-Modern Period. Growth in Welsh nationalism and national consciousness. 1936-the burning of the bombing school in Penyberth. (Saunders Lewis, D.J.Williams, Lewis Valentine). Wales- Cymru. After survival- growth. Wales-Cymru.

shen
Download Presentation

Wales- Cymru

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Wales- Cymru Identity and nationalism

  2. Wales (2)-Modern Period • Growth in Welsh nationalism and national consciousness. • 1936-the burning of the bombing school in Penyberth. (Saunders Lewis, D.J.Williams, Lewis Valentine).

  3. Wales- Cymru After survival- growth

  4. Wales-Cymru • 1536 Act of Union • 1546 First printed book in Welsh. • 1567 Translation of Prayer Book and New Testament into Welsh. • 1588: Translation of the whole Bible into Welsh- its influence.

  5. William Morgan and translation of Bible into Welsh

  6. Wales -Modern Period • 1707 Edward Lhuyd’s Archaeologia Britannica. Beginnings of Celtic Studies. • Mid 18th century- the beginnings of Welsh non-conformity. Howel Harris. Rejection of Anglicanism. • 1737-61: the circulating schools of Griffith Jones • 1743 The Methodist Association in Wales

  7. Welsh Chapels

  8. Wales • Beginnings of industrialisation in Wales 1757. • Iron works, • coal-mining, • tin works. • Dowlais, • Merthyr Tudful,

  9. Collier and pit-pony

  10. Wales -Modern Period • Beginnings of industrialization in Wales: • The first iron-works in 1757 in Hirwaun, south Wales. • The centre of Welsh culture and history shifts to the south-east, the iron works and then the coal industry.

  11. Wales (2)-Modern Period • Wales had by then (late 18th century and 19th century) become a non-conformist Protestant nation, largely Welsh-speaking (only) and for most of the population living in an industrialized environment (after 1860).

  12. The Methodist Revival • Key names: Howell Harris, Daniel Rowlands and the most prominent: William Williams Pantycelyn. (often just called Pantycelyn). • Methodism in Wales was a break with Anglicanism (not officially until the early 19th century). It was an evangelical form of Protestantism inspired by the works of Calvin.

  13. The Methodist Revival • Pantycelyn was a great writer of religious poems (we would call them hymns) still popular today. • Another great eighteenth century Welsh religious writer was Ann Griffiths (1776-1805), who died shortly after childbirth at the early age of 29. • Following her death her hymns were written down by her maid’s husband. They are love-songs, full of vividimages and meatphors, reflecting a deep knowledge of the Bible and the beliefs of the Non-conformists (all the non-Anglican versions of Protestantism).

  14. The Methodist Revival • By the nineteenth century, Welsh Nonconformity was no longer a radical force in religious terms, but rathera social force and institution that dominated Welsh all aspects of Welsh culture. • Religious leaders were now the leaders of society in Wales and they disapproved of the older folk culture of Wales.

  15. Rediscovering roots: Iolo Morgannwg • Iolo Morgannwg (1747-1826) was a prolific poet and keen promoter of ancient Welsh history. • He claimed to have ‘discovered’ many poems by the 14th century poet Dafydd ap Gwilym in local manuscripts but they were many invented. • He felt that Glamorganshire, his placeplace, deserved a rich literary history, and so he partly invented it!

  16. Wales -Modern Period • First census in Wales 1801- population of Wales 587,000. • Separation of Welsh Methodists from the Church of England (Anglicans). • Merthyr Riots 1831. Beginnings of unionisation. • Rebecca Riots 1839-44.

  17. Wales (2)-Modern Period • 1865- a contingent of Welsh people leave for Patagonia in Argentina, founding the still existing and thriving Welsh settlements in South America. • 1872 –The University of Wales opens (in Aberystwyth).

  18. University of Wales, Aberystwyth

  19. CYMRU/WALES (4)

  20. Wales -Modern Period • 1886- the Cymru Fydd movement is founded. • 1898-the foundation of the South Wales Miners’ Federation. The ‘FED’. • 1916-Lloyd George becomes first Welsh prime-minister of the UK. • 1925 Plaid Cymru is founded. The National Party of Wales.

  21. Wales -Modern Period • Growth in Welsh nationalism and national consciousness. • 1936-the burning of the bombing school in Penyberth. (Saunders Lewis, D.J.Williams, Lewis Valentine).

  22. Wales -Modern Period • Saunders Lewis”s Fate of the Language” radio lecture in 1962. • 1962- the formation of the Welsh Language Society (non-violent pressure group, civil disobedience).

  23. The Trefechan Bridge Protest1963

  24. Wales -Modern Period • Period of civil disobedience by members of the Welsh Language Society. Two major campaigns: • Road signs in Welsh. • The creation of a Welsh-language television channel. • http://cymdeithas.org/english/

  25. Tryweryn- 1963-5

  26. Gwynfor Evans

  27. Wales -Modern Period • 1964-Creation of the Welsh Office, and James Griffiths appointed first Secretary of State for Wales. • 1967-first Welsh Language Act.(‘equal status’in law-courts) • 1973-Kilbrandon Commission recommends creation of regional parliament for Wales.

  28. Wales -Modern Period • Period of civil disobedience by members of the Welsh Language Society. Two major campaigns: • Road signs in Welsh. • The creation of a Welsh-language television channel.

  29. Wales -Modern Period • 1979- first referendum on Welsh parliament (assembly). • 1982-Welsh-language television channel (S4C) set up. • 1988- creation of the Welsh language board as a consultative body.

  30. Wales -Modern Period • 1991- census reveals increase in numbers of those able to speak Wales. • 1993-Second Welsh Language Act passed. • 1999 – Welsh National Assembly opens in Cardiff. • 2011- Appointment of first Language Commissioner

  31. Second referendum • In July 1997, the British Government published a White Paper, A Voice for Wales, which outlined proposals for devolution in Wales. • A referendum was held on 18 September 1997. It was very close: 559,419 for and 552,698 against. Just over half the electorate voted.

  32. The National Assembly for Wales • The establishment of the national Assembly for Wales in May 1999 changed the nature of politics in Wales by creating a new style of government in which decisions and policies were focused on Wales. • Wales remains part of the UK. • New powers.

  33. Welsh Assembly (in Cardiff)

  34. Y Senedd

  35. National Assembly for Wales

  36. The National Assembly for Wales • The establishment of the National Assembly for Wales in May 1999 changed the nature of politics in Wales by creating a new style of government in which decisions and policies were focused on Wales. • Wales remains part of the UK. • New powers. • http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home.htm

  37. Wales -Modern Period • 1991- census reveals increase in numbers of those able to speak Wales. How? • 1993-Second Welsh Language Act passed. • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Language_Act_1993

  38. The 1993 Language Act • 'in the course of public business and the administration of justice, so far as is reasonably practicable, the Welsh and English languages are to be treated on the basis of equality.' • Basically the Act did three things: • set up the Welsh Language Board, answerable to the Secretary of State for Wales, with the duty of promoting the use of Welsh and ensuring compliance with the other provisions. • gave Welsh speakers the right to speak Welsh in court proceedings • obliged all organisations in the public sector providing services to the public in Wales to treat Welsh and English on an equal basis

  39. New Language Act 2011 • LCO (Legislative Competence Order) • Proposed new measure on the Welsh Language had been expected by summer 2010. • http://www.assemblywales.org/lco-ld7372-e.pdf

  40. Second referendum • In July 1997, the British Government published a White Paper, A Voice for Wales, which outlined proposals for devolution in Wales. • A referendum was held on 18 September 1997. It was very close: 559,419 for and 552,698 against. Just over half the electorate voted.

  41. Y Senedd

  42. National Assembly for Wales

  43. The National Assembly for Wales • The establishment of the National Assembly for Wales in May 1999 changed the nature of politics in Wales by creating a new style of government in which decisions and policies were focused on Wales. • Wales remains part of the UK. • New powers. • http://www.assemblywales.org/sen-home.htm

More Related