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Dynamical Plasma Processes in the Heliosphere: Sun to Earth Seminar

This seminar focuses on exploring the dynamical plasma processes in the heliosphere, from the Sun to the Earth. It covers topics such as upper atmosphere modeling, space climate, and space weather applications.

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Dynamical Plasma Processes in the Heliosphere: Sun to Earth Seminar

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  1. Russian-British Seminar of Young Scientists “Dynamical plasma processes in the heliosphere: from the Sun to the Earth” 18- 21 September 2017, Irkutsk, Russia Upper Atmosphere Model as a Tool for Space Climate and its Application for Space Weather Klimenko M.V.1, 2, Klimenko V.V.1 1West Department of the Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation Russian Academy of Sciences, Kaliningrad, Russiae-mail:maksim.klimenko@mail.ru 2Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad, Russia

  2. Anaconda 2002 (Afghanistan) Kelly et al. 2010

  3. IRI optionsfor NmF2 (foF2), hmF2 calculation CCIR – 1967 Jones иGallet, 1962 Jones et al., 1969 Ionosonde 1954-1958 Ocean and southern hemisphere screen points through extrapolation along lines of constant magnetic-dip angle. URSI – 1988 Fox и McNamara,1988 Rush et al.,1989 45,000 station month of ionosonde data Theoretical model was adjusted such that it agreed with measured foF2 values over land. IRTAM – 2012 Galkin, Reinisch, Huangи Bilitza, 2012 45 digisonde stations Non-Linear Error Compensating Technique for Associative Restoration (NECTAR) is used to adjust the CCIR coefficients to much real-time digisonde measurements by the Global Ionosphere Radio Observatory (GIRO) network of digisondes.

  4. Description of the MIT Model Developed in IZMIRAN • Empirical median (Kp = 2) model of the trough in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. • The model describes the trough position and its shape (i.e. foF2 distribution in the trough region). • The model is valid for the night-time winter conditions for all levels of solar activity. • Experimental basis of the model: Cosmos-900 (2500 orbits), Intercosmos-19 (3000 obits), CHAMP (15000 orbits) satellites data. • Intercosmos-19: topside sounding (foF2), Cosmos-900 and CHAMP: in situ Ne measurements at 550-350 km Karpachev et al., 2016

  5. MIT Model Results (Online Service) http://www.izmiran.ru/ionosphere/sm-mit/

  6. Radio Occultation Method 1575.42 and 1227.6 MHz N. Jakowski et al, 2004, R. Anthes et al. 2008, J. Wickert et al. 2008, Shu-Peng Ho et al. 2009 Atmospheric and ionospheric vertical profiledetermined along ray trace in point T, where radio waves pass through atmosphere/ionosphere. Main assumptions of RO method: 1) Spherical symmetry of atmosphere and ionosphere. 2) Exist only one tangent point of GTL ray

  7. Our Database as Additional Data Source 4 300 000 COSMIC Ne-profiles (2006-2015) 200 000 GRACE Ne-profiles (2007-2015) 300 000 CHAMP Ne-profiles (2001-2008) http://cdaac-www.cosmic.ucar.edu/cdaac/products.html - data massive http://lasp.colorado.edu/lisird/tss/noaa_radio_flux.html - F10.7 values Possible Additions 200 000 Ne(h)-Intercosmos-19 profiles Ionosonde measurements data, GPS TEC data (1998-2015) Number of COSMIC, CHAMP, GRACE Data June, 12:00 LTDecember, 24:00 LT

  8. Advantages of RO Method 1. Global coverage Ionosondes 1 day of RO measurements 2. 3D ionospheric structure Lin et al., 2009

  9. Software Package for Process,Rejection andSortingof RO Measurements Data 1) Using data from satellites COSMIC, GRACE, CHAMP 2) Sort according to solar activity distribution with required step3) Choose any day, time and averaging interval4) Find median and mean values 5) Plot global maps 6) Data rejection according to following criteria: а) height interval of F2-layer maximum (180 – 450 km) б) longitudinal/latitudinal interval of Ne profile (not more than 10°) в) number of negative values (lack of data) г) irregularities (difference between maximum value and adjacent points mean value < 10%) 7) Calculate correlation and linear regression coefficients for NmF2 and HmF2 dependence from solar activity level (F10.7) for any location and time Chirik et al., 2017

  10. MIT model(IZMIRAN) RO model DecemberMidnightNorth hemisphere foF2 (F10.7) Karpachev et al., 2016 JuneMidnightSouthhemisphere

  11. Solar Activity Dependence of Winter Anomaly NmF2 (Dec) / NmF2 (Jun) at 12:00 LT Ionosonde data RO data GPS TEC

  12. GSM TIP Model Brief Description Thermospheric parameters: Tn, O2, N2, O, NO, N(4S),N(2D) densities; vectors of velocities; (from 80 km to 500 km) Ionospheric parameters: O+, H+, Mol+ densities; Ti and Te; Vectors of ion velocities (from 80 km to 15 Earth radii) Electric field: The model is added by the new block of electric field calculation Klimenko et al., 2006, 2007. Global Self-consistent Model of the Thermosphere, IonosphereandProtonosphere(GSM TIP) was developed in West Department of IZMIRAN. The model GSM TIP was described in details inNamgaladze et al., 1988; Korenkov et al., 1998.

  13. GSM TIP Model Input Parameters for Storm Time Cross-polar cap potential ΔΦ (кV) = 38 + 0.089  AE Feschenko, Maltsev(2003) Energy and energy flux of auroral electrons Energy Flux (erg/cm2)Energy (keV) Region 2 field-aligned currents (R2 FAC) j2(А/м2) = 3  10-8 + 1.2 10-10  AE Cheng et al. (2008),Snekvik et al. (2007) Empirical model Vorobyov and Yagodkina (2005, 2008) or Zhang and Paxton (2008) Latitudinal displacement of R2 FAC Sojka, J.J., R.W. Schunk, and W.F. Denig (1994) 65° для Δ ≤ 40 кВ; 60° для 40 кВ < Δ≤ 50 кВ; 55° для 50 кВ < Δ≤ 88.5 кВ; 50° для 88.5 кВ < Δ≤ 127 кВ; 45° для 127 кВ < Δ≤ 165.4 кВ;40° для 165.4 кВ < Δ≤ 200 кВ; 35° для 200 кВ < Δ

  14. New Aspects of F Region Ionospheric Response hmF2 I. Increase of F2 layer peak height (1) high latitude heating (2) additional equatorward wiind (3) mid latitude heating (4) Increase ofn(N2) (5) “disappearance”of bottom part ofNe-profile n(N2) II. Increase inNmF2 at low latitude (1) plasma upliftto the region with smallern(N2) (2) equatorword transport of n(O) (3) Increase in neutral density (4) neutral cooling and decrease inn(N2) (5) Increase inn(O)/n(N2) (6) “plasma accumulation”at equator (for equinox) Tn n(N2) NmF2 • III. Increasein NmF2 during recovery phase • pressure gradient at equator • n(O) transport to the pole • (3) increase in neutral density • (4) neutral cooling and decrease inn(N2) • (5) Increase inn(O)/n(N2) ρ grad(p)

  15. Ionospheric disturbances during and after geomagnetic storm Δ foF2 Δ Tn, K Δ n(O) Δ n(N2)

  16. Equatorial F3 Layer Formation Klimenko et al., 2011 Radio Sci.

  17. Atmosphere-Ionospheric Coupling during SSW Chau et al., 2010,2012 JGR; Goncharenko et al., 2010 JGR

  18. GSM TIP Results with Observed EB Plasma Drift delta Ezon on 25 January 2009 delta TEC 25 vs. 15 January 2009 TIME-GCM + GSM TIP model GPS TEC data The zonal electric field is the main driver for low-latitude ionospheric response to sudden stratospheric warming Klimenko et al., 2015 JGR The question: How it is possible to reproduce the observed additional EB plasma drift?

  19. SUMMARY • The MIT (Main Ionospheric Trough) model was developed in IZMIRAN. The online version of this model: http://www.izmiran.ru/ionosphere/sm-mit/. • We developed software package for database creation, processing, rejection and sorting data of radio occultation measurements.We developedglobal empirical model of NmF2 (foF2), hmF2 depending on F10.7 index • GSM TIP model that was developed in WD IZMIRAN is a powerful tool for studying the processes in the upper atmosphere Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке грантов РФФИ №14-05-00788и 15-35-20364.

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