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Review. How did the scarcity of water affect the lives and culture of the bedouin ? What transformation took place in the life of Muhammad when he was around 40 years of age Why was Muhammad forced to flee Mecca in 622?
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Review • How did the scarcity of water affect the lives and culture of the bedouin? • What transformation took place in the life of Muhammad when he was around 40 years of age • Why was Muhammad forced to flee Mecca in 622? • What were the two basic tenets of Islam discussed in the first part of the video?
The Quran (Koran) • The Quran is a holy book which Muslims recite and turn to for guidance in all aspects of their life • Unlike the Hebrew Bible or the Gospels of the Christian New Testament, it is supposed to be the direct word of God (Allah) revealed to the Prophet (Muhammad) through the angel Gabriel • The literal meaning of the word Quran means “recitation”
The Quran (Koran) • These revelations began when Muhammad was around 40 years of age, and would continue for the next 23 years • Muhammad could neither read nor write; these revelations were immediately spoken by him, and copied down by his scribes
The Quran (Koran) • The Quran provides guidance on every aspect of human life: from history and economics to morality, criminal and civil law, gender issues, social values, Judaism and Christianity, past prophets, and even science* • Any translation of the Quran from Arabic into a different language means that it is not entirely accurate
The Quran (Koran) • This book is 600 pages long. It is divided into 114 chapters, or surahs • The first surah is extremely short, while the second one is very long. Each one becomes progressively shorter • The Quran is also divided into 30 sections, called a juz • During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims will recite one juz each day
The Teachings of Islam “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” • This is the central belief of Islam • The word Islam means “submission” • A Muslim is one who submits to God
The Teachings of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam • Muslims must proclaim their faith in God, and acknowledge Muhammad as His prophet • Prayer – 5 times per day; must face Mecca • Charity to the poor and aged • Fasting – during the holy month of Ramadan • Hajj– Muslims must complete a pilgrimage to Mecca
The Ten Commandments of Islam • 1. Shirk is forbidden • 2. Kindness to Parents is commanded • 3. Killing children is forbidden • 4. Staying away from immoral acts either openly or secretly is commanded • 5. Unjustified killing is prohibited. • 6. Consuming the Orphan’s property, unjustly is prohibited. • 7. Giving full weight and measure- in business deals is commanded • 8. Speaking the truth is commanded (testimony) • 9. Fulfilling the covenant of Allah is commanded • 10. Following the Straight Path is commanded.
The Ten Commandments of Islam • 1. Shirk is forbidden • 2. Kindness to Parents is commanded • 3. Killing children is forbidden • 4. Staying away from immoral acts either openly or secretly is commanded • 5. Unjustified killing is prohibited. • 6. Consuming the Orphan’s property, unjustly is prohibited. • 7. Giving full weight and measure- in business deals is commanded • 8. Speaking the truth is commanded (testimony) • 9. Fulfilling the covenant of Allah is commanded • 10. Following the Straight Path is commanded.
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism Universality of Humankind • Along with Judaism and Christianity, Islam emphasizes the dignity and equality of humankind: “No Arab has any superiority over a non-Arab…Nor does a white man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man any superiority over the white man. You are all the children of Adam, and Adam was created from clay.”
Similarities with Christianity and Judaism Belief in an Afterlife • Along with Jews and Christians, Muslims believe that we will be held accountable for our actions in the next life: “We shall set up scales of justice for the day of Judgment, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least.”
Equality of Women • According to the Quran, women are given spiritual equality with men. “If any do deeds of righteousness, be they male or female, and have faith, they will enter Heaven, and not the least injustice will be done to them.”
Concept of Jihad • The term jihad appears in the Quran 41 times • Its main meaning refers to an inner struggle by the individual Muslim to fulfill his/her religious duties, and live their lives according to God’s plan • Another meaning of jihad is an outward, physical, violent struggle against the enemies of Islam • This second meaning is misunderstood by both Muslims and Christians
Concept of Jihad • According the the Quran: ”You may fight “in the cause of God” against those who attack you, but do not aggress. God does not love the aggressors.” 2:190 • This directive has often been misinterpreted as sanctioning “Holy War.”
