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Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere.

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Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

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  1. PanelPervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

  2. Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, EverywhereRene L. Cruz UCSD NetworkingJoseph A. Bannister ISI and USC NetworkingDaniel J. Blumenthal UCSB Optical NetworkingPamela Cosman UCSDSpeech, Image, Audio and Video CodingBabak Daneshrad UCLAMIMO WirelessUrbashi Mitra USC WirelessJeyhan Karaoguz BroadcomWirelessAvneesh Agrawal QualcommCellular WirelessAl Servati Conexant Digital Home

  3. State and Future of Networking Rene L. Cruz Professor UC San Diego Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

  4. Important Factors • reliance on information networks is increasing • performance requirements of access networks are increasing: access is bottleneck (cost) • low cost, energy efficient wireless link technology (short,medium, and long range) • expansion of un-licensed frequency spectrum • “willingness to pay” is very limited

  5. Opportunities and Challenges in Networking • Access Networks: Cost • Reliability and Performance are Important • - Robustness to failures and security breaches • Automated Network Control • Carriers • Ad-hoc networks • Cooperation in a Competitive Environment - bit pipe provider versus “service” provider - peer to peer networking

  6. The Future of Networking • Joseph A. Bannister • Division Director ISI Computer Networks Division • Assistant Director ChevronTexaco CiSoft • Research Associate Professor EE-Systems Joseph Bannister University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute23 May 2005

  7. Four of Networking’s Main Challenges • Quality of Service • Multicast • Operations • Mobility

  8. Quality of Service • Unfulfilled promise of packet switched data networking • Nearly 30 years of research and development • Reservations, queueing, congestion management • ATM, BISDN, RSVP, IntServ, DiffServ, GMPLS • Issues: QoS in an expanding infrastructure, extreme link heterogeneity, flexibly designed applications

  9. Multicast • Essential for true broadcast • Lots of Internet work • IETF, PIM, IGMP • Currently superseded by peer-to-peer streaming or downloaded content • Do customers prefer broadcast or on-demand content? • Other uses of multicast: management, coordination, time distribution • Anycast in DNS

  10. Operations • Includes security, dependability, network management • Harvest the advances of AI • Critical need as networks grow – sys admin gap Network complexity is growing rapidly 1980–2002 Internet annual growth rate was 100% Population Complexity Number of sys admins is growing moderately 1980–2002 sci & eng workforce annual growth rate was 5% Time

  11. Mobility • Ubiquitous connectivity • Wireless or wired networks • Mobile IP not really a success story • Cellular mobility is a success story • Voice • Data • Video – next hurdle

  12. IV. Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere “Optical Networking” Daniel J. Blumenthal University of California Santa Barbara, CA danb@ece.ucsb.edu California: Prosperity Through Technology 2005 Industry Research Symposium May 23 & 24, 2005

  13. Power and Size Matters Optiputer Mean Performance

  14. Fiber/Microprocessor Bandwidth Bottlenecks Fiber Capacity Increase Outstrips Electronic Switching Capacity Increase Microprocessors will Dissipate Increasing Power with Today’s Technology IP Traffic will Continue to Drive Capacity Growth Per Fiber Capacity Continues to Increase 5 10 W DM 4 10 T DM “Greenfield Optical Switched Transport Networks: A Cost Analysis,” C.R. Lima, M.Allen and B.Faer, NFOEC, 2001. 3 Aggregate Link Capacity (Gbps) 10 2 10 8 x 2 10 1 19 9 3 19 9 4 19 9 5 19 9 6 19 9 7 19 9 8 19 9 9 20 0 0 20 0 1 20 0 2 20 0 3

  15. Today’s Infrastructure: The Electronics/Optics Boundary • Current infrastructure depends heavily on electronics and optics, where the former has strength in processing and the later in transmission Access Switch/Router TDM Muxes/DeMuxes EO/OE WDM Mux/Demux WDM Fiber Router Router Router Router Electrical Optical

  16. Recent Progress in Optical Networking WDM/Fiber Grooming Transmission WDM Mux/ Demux WDM Mux/ Demux • Has increased the functionality and role of optics in the routing and switching at the wavelength circuit level Optical Switch WDM/Fiber Grooming Transmission WDM Mux/ Demux WDM Mux/ Demux ROADM WDM Fiber Optical OE Tunable EO OE Tunable EO Electrical TDM Switch/ Router TDM Switch/ Router TDM Multiplexing TDM Multiplexing

  17. DARPA Supported Optical Network Related Programs at UCSB CSWDM: 4 Year, 3.5M Integrated Optical Wavelength Converters and Routers for Robust Wavelength-Agile Analog/ Digital Optical Networks M. Masanovic, V. Lal, J. Summers, H. -F Chou, E. Skogen, J. S. Barton M. Sysak, D. J. Blumenthal, J. E. Bowers, L. A. Coldren, N. Dagli, E. Hu DoD-N: 4 Year 15.8M LASOR: A Label Switched Optical Router UCSB: M. Masanovic, V. Lal, J. Summers, H. Poulsen, D. Wolfson, Z. Hu, E. Burmeister, S. Bjorlin, H. Park, J. Chen, A. Tauke-Pedretti, M. Dummer, J. Barton, L. Johansson, M. Davanco, B. Koch, R. Rajaduray, R. Doshi, W. Zhao, D. J. Blumenthal, J. E. Bowers, L. A. Coldren, E. Hu Agility Communications: C. Coldren, G. Fish Calient Networks: O. Jerphagnon, R. Helkey, S. Yuan Cisco Systems: G. Epps, D. Civello, P. Donner JDS Uniphase: D. Al-Salameh Stanford University: Y. Ganjali, N. McKeown, T. Roughgarden, A. Goel

  18. LASOR Research Vision Fast Tunable Regenerative All-Optical Wavelength Converters Integrated Photonic Optical Header Read-Erase Integrated Photonic Packet Forwarding Engines Routing Protocols for Networks with Small Optical Buffers Dense Photonic Integration Integrated Optical Random Access Memory 40G Optically Labeled Packets Reconfigurable Optical Backplane ISP 100Tbps Router 1.28/2.56 Tbps Linecard Optical Packet Forwarding Engine ERP ORAM OH Read 32/64 40G Inputs Line WC/ Regen 32/64 40G Outputs Today’s Technology

  19. Integration The integration of optics and electronics at the level of LSI electronics is essential for the long term growth, strategic planning and cost reduction path required for the future of optical networks. Microelectronics  Computing Discrete  1950s IC 1960s LSI 1970s VLSI 1980s ULSI 1990s-2000s GSI ??? RF + Electronics Mobile Discrete  1970s-1980s Hybrid  1980s-1990s Hybrid IC  1990s Silicon  2000s Optics + Electronics  High Speed Networks Discrete  1970s-1980s Analog PIC  1980s-1990s Hybrid IC  2000s LSI  ???

  20. InP Monolithic Photonic Integration Hybrid 10 Gbps OQW Mach-Zehnder Modulator WC Tunable Laser Mach-Zehnder Modulator Transmitter 10 Gbps Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Converter out out out in UCSB (CSWDM) UCSB (CSWDM) in in UCSB (CSWDM) 10 Gbps Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Converter + Optical Filter 40Gbps Folded Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Converter out in out UCSB (DoDN) in UCSB (CSWDM) in Masanovic, Barton, Sysak, Lal, Summers, Dummer, Raring, Skogen, Blumenthal, Bowers, Coldren

  21. Impact of Optics on Network Architectures Access Enterprise/LAN • Regeneration Metro • Transmission • Regeneration Core • Add/Drop Multiplexing • Transmission • Switching and Routing • Regeneration • Wavelength Conversion • Add/Drop Multiplexing • Wavelength Conversion • Wavelength Conversion • Grooming Switching and Routing

  22. Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCSD Co-Director, Center for Wireless Communications, UCSD Speech, Audio, Image, and Video Coding Pamela Cosman

  23. Extending current systems to handle wideband speech at about 8kbps rate Music, general audio Robustness to delay, packet loss Very low rate coding (100’s of bps) Fusion of speech compression and speech recognition Progress of Speech & Audio Coding Research Focuses: Graph from:

  24. 25-35% reduction in file size compared to JPEG Lossless JPEG2000 has big improvement Application areas: Medical images (incl. 3D) Scientific images / space Archiving (digital libraries) High-quality digital video editing, digital cinema (Motion-JPEG2000 can outperform MPEG-4) Slow uptake because Legacy JPEG material Does 25-35% improvement warrant widespread replacement? At high rates, JPEG & JPEG2000 have similar performance → digital cameras can do without Abundance of bandwidth: 2Mbps download, 130k or 100k image doesn’t matter “Submarine” patents Images: JPEG vs. JPEG2000

  25. Progress of Video Compression PSNR (dB) Bit Rate Bit rate savings over MPEG2

  26. Applications Searching & Indexing, Content-based retrieval, Games, Augmented Reality Compression for sensor and surveillance networks (infrastructure monitoring, traffic conditions, security…) Seamless mobility over heterogeneous networks Disaster response New Technologies Object-based coding: fusion of compression & computer vision Network Coding Joint audio/video coding: exploit correlation More realistic motion models Scalable video & image: adapt to different formats & channels New Technologies & Applications for both images and video…

  27. MPEG4 vs. Scalable Video Coding • Features: spatial scalability, temporal scalability, SNR scalability, complexity scalability, … • Single-encoding / multi-decoding • Very fast pre-decoder • Only one bit-stream in server Encoder Encoder Encoder Encoder Bit-stream Bit-stream Bit-stream Bit-stream Bit-stream Pre-decoder Bit-stream Bit-stream Low quality Small size High quality

  28. Multi Antenna (MIMO) Processingand the Second Wireless Revolution Babak Daneshrad babak@ee.ucla.edu University of California, Los Angeles

  29. The Trend • Progress in wireless communications requires support for progressively higher data rates under progressively higher levels of mobility. • To achieve this, systems must exploit space, the last frontier in the signaling space ! • Three forms of spatial (antenna) processing • Phased array beamforming • Used in cellular base stations • Diversity processing • Used in WLAN access points • MIMO • Emerging WLAN 802.11n standard • Emerging 802.16e standard

  30. x(n) MODULATOR x(t) x(n) MIMO MIMO y(n) y(n) MODULATOR Receiver Receiver y(t) z(n) r (t) = a x(t)+a y(t)+a z(t) 1 11 12 13 z(n) MODULATOR z(t) r (t) = a x(t)+a y(t)+a z(t) 3 31 32 33 Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Wireless Comms. • Different data sent on different transmit antennas • All transmissions occur at the same time and in the same frequency band • The signal from each transmitter is received at ALL receive antennas (this is not interference) • Channel impulse response is a matrix • NxM matrix; where N is the number of TX and M is the number of RX antennas; N>M

  31. 95% Outage Capacity 50 MIMO System 45 No. TX Ant = No. RX Ant 40 35 Traditionnal 1x1 bps/Hz) SISO system 30 does not improve with more antennas 25 Smart antenna array Capacity ( number of transmit ( 20 antenna fixed at 1) 15 10 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Number of receive antennas Theoretical MIMO Capacity • 10x to 20x capacity increase with same total TX power • 23 dB (200x) reduction in the required power when bandwidth efficiency is kept constant

  32. 2x2 MIMO vs. 802.11a & 802.11b

  33. MIMO Economics • Spectrum is expensive in licensed bands • Spectrum is scarce in unlicensed bands • MIMO techniques increase data throughput without increasing bandwidth • Signal is expanded in space • Systems can operate at lower carrier frequencies • No need for exotic & expensive semiconductor technologies • Better signal penetration through walls and around corners • Expense: more sophisticated signal processing

  34. Multi Antenna Processing’s Here to Stay • By 2010 nearly all wireless standards will have elements of MIMO in them • 802.11n (next generation WLAN) will standardize on MIMO • MIMO enables: video distribution, Gbps enterprise networking • Ratification expected in 1H 2006 • 802.16e (mobile flavor of WiMax) has optional MIMO modes • MIMO enables: building penetration, range extension • Ratification expected in 2006 • 4G cellular systems looking to incorporate MIMO modes • MIMO enables: broadband in limited cellular bands • Ratification ? • Other wireless systems will deploy some form of multi antenna processing

  35. Wireless Research for the Future Urbashi Mitra Professor Co-Director, Communication Sciences Institute Department of Electrical EngineeringUniversity of Southern Californiaubli@usc.edu http://ceng.usc.edu/~ubli/ubli.html California: Prosperity through Technology 2005 Industry Research Symposium

  36. The Need for SYNERGY open systems interconnect (OSI) stack cross-layer designs (again!) modified from InetDaemon.com wireless sensor networks “The network IS the channel” – A. Sabharwal, Rice University

  37. A New (?) SYNERGY joint design of hardware and algorithms Hardware Hardware Fano decoder in VLSI P. Beerel & K.Chugg USC low complexity UWB receivers Quantized UWB receiver S. Franz & U. Mitra, USC

  38. Experimental Wireless? • Other disciplines • Physics (experimental and theoretical) • Usual province of industry • Where do trained faculty come from? • Academic training needed • RF circuits and wireless communication theory • Challenge of providing in a two year MS • How can industry/academia collaborate on training new wireless engineers?

  39. Academic-Industry Relationships • The heyday of Bell Labs • Claude Shannon • Where are the “new” Bell Labs? • Who has the largest market share? • Applied Research • Defense model 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 etc. • How can industry invest? • Gifts • Support “centers” • One-by-one agreements • Is there a NEW model? } intellectual property

  40. Role of Government Agencies • Funding waning for wireless/communications • “monotonically decreasing” at NSF • Move towards a few large-sized programs • Vanishing single investigator grants • Impact on industry?

  41. 0 -20 Cellular Multipath Effects UHF TV -40 Signal Power (dB) -60 -80 Ambient RF -100 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 What is the Channel? sensor networks coding for fading/MIMO channels ultrawideband underwater communications

  42. Biological Communications? • Understand how nature communicates • Inform our communication system design • “Grow” communication receivers • Use biological building blocks to construct “classical” receivers

  43. Problems designing cell-to-cell communication R. Weiss et al, Princeton University error-correction for DNA crystals Erik Winfree, CalTech capacity of neural communication M. Gastpar, Berkeley B. Rimoldi, EPFL

  44. Wireless Challenges: A Billion User Experimental Test Bed Jeyhan Karaoguz Broadcom Corporation

  45. The Current Semiconductor Revolution:Communications In Everything

  46. The Next Communications Challenge: Convergence of Multimedia Content over Home and Mobile Networks Mobile World Home World Content Provider Broadband Service Provider Cellular Service Provider

  47. TelecomCarrier CO MediaServers Satellite Media Service Provider DVB-H WiMAX 802.22Wireless overUnused TV Channels Broadband NetworkCableDSL Multimedia/Video Smart Phone HOME The Path To Convergence in the Broadband World is Pretty Scary WiFiHotspot WiFi Hotspot VoiceSMSMMS Audio/Media Sharing 3GPP GSM/GPRS Network 3GPP CDMA Network

  48. CD-Quality MP3 Encode/Decode Full-Frame MPEG4 Encode/Decode Integrated RF >500 MHz 32-bit Processor w/FPU Multi-threaded WWAN BB/MAC WLAN BB/MAC 3D Graphics W/Dual ¼ Mpixel LCD Displays WPAN BB/MAC Dual Camera Interface Advanced Power Management FLASH Interface DRAM Interface Future Levels of Integration in Mobile Devices Mobile Communications “Super Chip” of the Future • Complexity • 1000 DMIPS CPU • 10M polygon/sec 3D graphics • 100M pixel/sec MPEG4 codec • 10 Mbps 3G WWAN • 100Mbps 802.11 WLAN • 1000Mbps UWB WPAN • Digital Video Broadcasting Power Dissipation is the Limiting Factor

  49. Research Challenges • Multi-Modal RF • Coexistence • MIMO • Signal processing for improved range/quality/capacity/features • Voice and Audio Quality • Inter-Networking • Security • Watermarking • DRM • Biometrics • User Experience • Power Management

  50. Qualcomm May 2005 My Vision for Cellular Avneesh Agrawal Qualcomm

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