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Electron Theory

Electron Theory. Introduction Structure and Matter Atoms and Molecules Atomic Structure Electron Flow. Introduction. Structure and Matter. In this section we will discuss the concept of Matter. Structure and Matter. Matter Definition: Anything that occupies space and has mass.

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Electron Theory

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  1. Electron Theory • Introduction • Structure and Matter • Atoms and Molecules • Atomic Structure • Electron Flow

  2. Introduction

  3. Structure and Matter In this section we will discuss the concept of Matter.

  4. Structure and Matter Matter Definition: Anything that occupies space and has mass.

  5. Structure and Matter • Matter • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Ice • Water • Air

  6. Structure and Matter • Matter • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Can be element, compound, or mixture

  7. Structure and Matter • Matter • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Can be element, compound, or mixture • Element- Is the basic building block of nature • Purest form of matter. Can not be divided into simpler substances (see periodic table) • Hydrogen • Oxygen • Carbon

  8. Structure and Matter • Matter • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Can be element, compound, or mixture • Element- Is the basic building block of nature • Compound- Two or more chemically combined elements • Contain the same proportion throughout • CO2 • H2O

  9. Structure and Matter • Matter • Can be solid, liquid or gas • Can be element, compound, or mixture • Element- Is the basic building block of nature • Compound- Two or more chemically combined elements • Mixture- Two or more elements not chemically combined, (proportion may vary). • i.e. Saltwater, Sand and Gravel

  10. Atoms and Molecules • Atom • Molecule • Molecular Compound • Ionic Compound

  11. Electrons Nucleus contains Protons & neutrons Atoms and Molecules • Atom- Smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element • Electrons • Neutrons • Protons

  12. Electrons Nucleus contains Protons & neutrons Atoms and Molecules • Atom • Electrons • Negative charge (-) • Neutrons • Protons

  13. Electrons Nucleus contains Protons & neutrons Atoms and Molecules • Atom • Electrons • Neutrons • Neutral charge • within the nucleus • Protons

  14. Electrons Nucleus contains Protons & neutrons Atoms and Molecules • Atom • Electrons • Neutrons • Protons • Positive charge • Within nucleus

  15. Atoms • Have a Nucleus • Protons (positive charge) • Neutrons (neutral charge) • Orbiting electrons (negative charge)

  16. Bohr Model (Hydrogen) Electron Nucleus (1 proton 1 neutron) N=1 H

  17. Bohr Model (Helium) Electron Nucleus (2 protons 2 neutrons) Electron N=1 He

  18. Bohr Model (Lithium) 1 valence electron Nucleus (3 protons 4 neutrons) N=1 N=2 Li

  19. Bohr Model The number of electrons in each shell is determined by the formula: #electrons=2n2

  20. Bohr Model (Copper) 1 valence electron N=1=2(1)2=2 N=2=2(2)2=8 N=3=2(3)2=18 N=4=2(4)2=32 Nucleus (29 protons 35 neutrons) 60 N=1 N=2 N=3 N=4 Cu

  21. Cu 29 Copper 63.54 Copper Element

  22. Cu 29 Copper 63.54 Copper Element Name

  23. Cu 29 Copper 63.54 Copper Element Atomic Number Name

  24. Cu 29 Copper 63.54 Copper Element Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Name

  25. Cu 29 Copper 63.54 Copper Element Atomic Number Chemical Symbol Name Atomic Weight

  26. Electrons charge • The charge of 1 electron = 1.602x10-19 Coulombs Or • 1 Coulomb = 6.24x1018 electrons

  27. Electrons excitation Electrons will stay in orbit as long as the bond is present between the electron and the protons Cu

  28. Electrons excitation When energy is present enough to break the proton and electron’s bond, the electron will release from the atoms outer most (valence) shell. Light, Heat, or EMF Cu

  29. Electrons excitation Direction of electron flow is produced when positive forces are strong enough to pull electrons in a direction. - + Cu Cu Cu Cu

  30. Electrons excitation Recall • 1 Coulomb = 6.24x1018 electrons That’s a heck of a lot of electrons!!!! 6,240,000,000,000,000,000 to be exact!!!!

  31. Electrons Flow • Current = The directional flow of electrons from a negative to positive

  32. Electrons Flow • 1 Amp = the amount of 1 coulomb of electrons (6.24x1018) crossing an area per second _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  33. Electrons Flow • This is defined as Current Flow“I”through a conductor _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  34. Electrons Flow • If we were to say that 2 Amps is flowing in the conductor the # of electrons is (6.24x1018) x 2 and so on….. _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  35. Electrons Flow • In an ideal world, current flow (electron movement) through a conductor would not have any resistance. _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  36. Electrons Flow • As we shall see later, this is not the case. _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  37. Electrons Flow • Until then simply understand current flow is the movement of electrons through a conductive material _ + 6.24x1018 electrons/second

  38. If a copper wire has 50mA of current flowing through it, how many electrons are passing through a single cross-sectional area each second? Practice Problem:

  39. If a copper wire has 50mA of current flowing through it, how many electrons are passing through a single cross-sectional area each second? Practice Problem: Solution: (6.24x1018)x.05 = 3.17x1017 electrons/second

  40. End of Presentation

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