Key concepts & social sciences background

1. Key concepts & social sciences background

2. What do youthink of it? What are the keycontroversial concepts behindthis? →“Men feel comfortable acting in public area, while women are guardians of the private area” →“Women have to work much harder than men to achieve the same position in the society.” → Biologicalsexisunchanging (trouver une phrase plus subtile!!!)

3. “Men feel comfortable acting in public area, while women are guardians of the private area” Masculine / feminine traits - Innate / learned - social roles - sex/ gender Gender - genderstudies

4. Anthropologist Margaret MeadSex and Temperament in 3 primitive societies (1935) • Laid the foundation for much of ourcontemporarysociologicalresearch and debate on gender. → are « masculine » and « feminine » traits innate or learned? → do men and womendifferbecause of nature (heredity) or nurture (socialization)? => For M.Mead cultural conditioningis more important thanbiology in shapingwomen and men’sbehaviour.

5. Arapesh people • Men = Women Both : • « maternal » in its parental aspects • « feminine » in itssexual aspects • Cooperative, unaggressive, responsive to the needs of others

6. Mundugumor people • Men = Women Both : • ruthless, aggressive • Not « maternal » at all • Undisciplined and violent

7. Tchambuli people • Men ≠ Women Men : Emotionnalydependantperson Lessresponsible Women : Dominant Impersonnal Managingpartner => Definitive conclusion : no basis for regardingspecificbehaviours or traits wetraditionallyregarded as feminin or masculin as sex-linked.

8. Gender Council of Europe : Gender is a socially constructed definition of women and men. It is the social design of a biological sex, determined by the conception of tasks, functions and roles attributed to women and men in society and in public and private life. It is a culture specific definition of femininity and masculinity and therefore varies in time and space.

9. Gender and Culture • Euromedheteroneouscontexttowards new guinea? • G.Hofstede Briefpresentation of 5 dimensions

10. Focus on Masculinity/Feminity DimensionHoftstede’s definitionsFrom Hofstede (2001), Culture’s Consequences • “Masculinity stands for a society in which social gender roles are clearly distinct: Men are supposed to be assertive, tough, and focused on material success; women are supposed to be more modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.” • “Femininity stands for a society in which social gender roles overlap: Both men and women are supposed to be modest, tender, and concerned with the quality of life.”

11. “Women have to work much harder than men to achieve the same position in the society.” • Sexist jokes - Inequality - discrimination - Genderequality - gender mainstreaming / positive(affirmative) action

12. Biologicalsexisunchanging (trouver une phrase plus subtile!!!) • Heterosexuality / Homosexuality - LGBT - Gay - lesbiantranssexualism- transgender - breakingnorms - queer - discrimination Sexualidentity - genderidentity

13. How do you say gender issue in your mother tongue? Is it a political issue?

14. Conclusion • Food for thought : Translation problem, controversialtheories, whatconsequence for youthwork?

15. Political frame • 1979 : CEDAW (Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women) , a UN major tool . • 1995 – Conférence mondiale sur les femmes, Pékin : un tournant majeur. • Véritable charte refondatrice des droits des femmes, la Déclaration de Pékin consolide et précise le travail engagé vingt ans plus tôt. Les gouvernements reconnaissent que « l’égalité des droits, des chances et de l’accès aux ressources, le partage égal des responsabilités familiales et un partenariat harmonieux entre les femmes et les hommes sont essentiels à leur bien-être et à celui de leurs familles ainsi qu’à l’affermissement de la démocratie ». La Conférence de Pékin proclame que l’égalité entre les femmes et les hommes est une condition essentielle du développement durable, de la paix et de la démocratie. • 2005 – Pékin +10 : La 49e session de la Commission des Nations unies sur le statut de la femme réaffirme les acquis de la déclaration et du Programme d’action de Pékin de la façon la plus ferme possible dans un contexte marqué par des risques de régressions.

16. EU and equality between women and menhttp://www.femmes-europe.eu/parite.php • Principle included in the Rome Treaty. • To achieve this goal the EU has established legal (directives) and political tools. • Moreover gender has been integrated into all sectors of European and national political processes as a whole. (gender mainstreaming)

17. Legislation in support of equality between women and men • to reduce the differences in the treatment of men and women in the workplace in terms of wages, access to employment and training etc. • to promote gender equality in the social area such as in social security, maternity and parental leave.

19. http://www.rue89.com/2010/09/19/sur-la-porte-des-wc-des-panneaux-qui-font-mauvais-genre-166388http://www.rue89.com/2010/09/19/sur-la-porte-des-wc-des-panneaux-qui-font-mauvais-genre-166388