1 / 30

Infrared-Excitation for Improving Hydrocarbon Fuels’ Combustion Efficiency of Engines

Infrared-Excitation for Improving Hydrocarbon Fuels’ Combustion Efficiency of Engines. Albert C. Wey Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA). Rodney G. Handy Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Technology Yuan Zheng and Chul H. Kim Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University.

silas
Download Presentation

Infrared-Excitation for Improving Hydrocarbon Fuels’ Combustion Efficiency of Engines

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Infrared-Excitation for Improving Hydrocarbon Fuels’ Combustion Efficiencyof Engines Albert C. Wey Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (USA) Rodney G. Handy Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Technology Yuan Zheng andChul H. Kim Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University

  2. IR-Excited Fuel Technology Contents: • Introduction • Theoretical Model • Scientific Verification • Methane-Air Counter-flow Laminar Flames • Engine and Vehicle Tests • Summary

  3. Motivation:the demands 2007 SAE World Congress • Government: • Air Quality • Global Warming • Energy Security EMISSIONS REDUCTION Car Makers: FUEL ECONOMY PROFITS • Engineers: • ICE Optimization/ • Aftertreatment • Aerodynamics • Weight Reductions • Customers: • Safety • Comfort • Horsepower • Fuel Costs FUN TO DRIVE need Physics, Magic, or Miracle?

  4. Introduction Approach: Known Scientific Facts: • Organic Chemistry • HC molecules are IR-active and absorb 3 – 14 μmIR photons causing vibrations • Photoselective Chemistry • Increasing reactant vibrational energy is most effective at promoting reaction. Known IR-Technology: • IR-emitters for agricultural applications (Japan) IR-excitation to improve fuel combustion efficiency

  5. The Innovative Concept Step 1: IR-emitter absorbs radiation heat from engine Supply fuel line IR-emitter Heat Energy Recycling Step 2: IR-emitter emits 3 – 14 μm IR photons Efficient combustion Step 3: IR photons excite HC-molecules in the fuel

  6. Transition Metal Oxides Constituent electrons are thermally agitated to higher levels; Excited electrons return to initial levels by emitting IR photons in 3 - 14μm wavelengths Ti: 3d2 4s2(22) Cr: 3d5 4s1 (24) Co: 3d7 4s2 (27) Ni: 3d8 4s2 (28) Zr: 4d2 5s2 (40) Transition Metals

  7. IR-Emitters 3 – 14 μm mid-IR Emitter 8 – 20 μm far-IR Emitter

  8. HC Molecules are IR-Active C2H5OH IR Spectral Analysis O…H stretching Alkanes –CH3 bending O–H stretching Alkanes C–H stretching C–H bending Alkanes –CH2 bending H–Csp3 stretching C–C stretching 2.5 3 5 8 10 14 20 Wavelength, μm

  9. CH4 Energy Level Diagram 1305.563 1306.264 Resonance modes at v4 = 1305 cm-1 Asymmetric stretching v3 = 3012 cm-1 (3.32 μm) Bending v4 = 1305 cm-1 (7.66 μm)

  10. Molecular Vibrations Molecules vibrate in 6 ways Symmetrical Stretching Antisymmetrical Stretching Scissoring Rocking Wagging Twisting

  11. Vibrational States Reaction Rate: Multi-photons absorption & excitation W = k e–E/RT Dissociation Limit Activation Barrier E Quasi-Continuum Ladder of vibrational states IR-excited HC molecule Regular HC Molecule

  12. Proof of Underlying Science Methane-Air Counter-flow Flame Experiment Air mid-IR emitter Far-IR emitter Path 2 Path 1 Path 1: Regular Path 2: IR-excited Methane Purdue University

  13. H2 + ½ O2 → H2O CO + ½ O2 → CO2 Laminar Diffusion Flame Air Laminar flame x X = 0 Methane combustion chain reaction: CH4 + O → CH3 + OH O2 + CH3 → CH3OO CH4 + CH3OO → CH3 + CH3OOH CH3OOH → CO + 2H2 + O 2CH4 + O2 → 2CO + 4H2 CO + OH → H + CO2 O2 + CO + H → OH + CO2 H2 + OH → H + H2O O2 + H2 + H → OH + H2O Methane CH4 + O2 → CO + H2 + H2O

  14. Experimental Results CO2 Baseline N2 IR-excited CO Baseline N2 Baseline CO2 IR-excited CO IR-excited NO Baseline CH4 Baseline NO IR-excited CH4 IR-excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct Flame occurs faster Less CO, CO2 & NO emissions

  15. Observation (1): faster burn Air N2 IR-excited N2 Baseline regular IR-excited Methane • IR-excited fuel: • more combustible • burns faster, more completely • reduced flame strain rate • reduced fuel flow momentum • flame is pushed downward CH4 Baseline CH4 IR-excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct Flame occurs faster

  16. Observation (2): Less Fuel Fuel Consumption Rate L: distance between the ducts (15 mm) ωCH4: volumetric consumption rate, moles/cm3/sec IR-excited fuel: Fuel Consumption Rate is computed to be 8% less. CH4 Baseline CH4 IR-excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct

  17. H2 + ½ O2 → H2O CO + ½ O2 → CO2 Observation (3): Less CO Methane combustion chain reaction: CH4 + O → CH3 + OH O2 + CH3 → CH3OO CH4 + CH3OO → CH3 + CH3OOH CH3OOH → CO + 2H2 + O 2CH4 + O2 → 2CO + 4H2 CO2 Baseline CO Baseline CO2 IR-excited CO IR-excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct IR-excited fuel: Combusts faster and more completely; CO & CO2 emissions are computed to be 25% less. CO is a precursor of CO2 CH4 + O2 → CO + H2 + H2O

  18. Observation (4): Less NO EIJ, emission index for specie J NO Baseline NO IR-excited Fuel Duct ……....… X, mm ……....… Air Duct Mj : molecular weight ωJ  : volumetric production rate Less NO emissions: Thermal NO formation follows fuel combustion; with a faster combustion, there was less time for NO to form. IR-excited fuel: Emission index of NO is computed to be 15% less.

  19. Summary of Observations IR-excitation makes methane combust faster and more completely • Less Fuel Consumption Rate • less CO and CO2 emissions • less NO emissions The first scientific proof of IR-excited fuel technology

  20. Proposed Engine Application • IR-Emitters are retrofitted to supply fuel line, absorbing engine heat to emit IR photons. • HC molecules traversing thru the fuel line are excited, raising vibrational states to lower activation barrier and increase combustibility. • IR-excited fuel burns faster in cylinders, allocating more heat to do work and less heat loss to raise exhaust gas temperature (EGT). • Increased power, with lower specific fuel combustion and less HC, CO, NOx, and CO2emissions.

  21. GM Quad-4 Gasoline Engine at Engine Lab, Purdue University Specific Fuel Consumption (unit: lb/hp-hr) Baseline IR-excited

  22. CO & NO Emissions Test at Engine Lab, Purdue University PowerTek Single Cylinder Dynomometer Fuel: Propane Displacement: 13 cu in. Gross power: 7.5 HP Gross torque: 10 ft.lb CO Measurement (ppm)average reduced14.5% NO Measurement (ppm)average reduced10.2%

  23. U.S. EPA Test AutoResearch Lab, an EPA-recognized Lab 1998 Mercury Grand Marquis, V8, 4.6 L at 16,300 odometer mileage (Jan. 1999) FTP– Federal Test Procedure for City Driving HFET– Highway Fuel Economy Test

  24. Emissions: Diesel Pickup Iveco Motor Co. (Nanjing, China) 4.2 Ton Light-Duty Pickup 4 cyl. 2.8 L Diesel Engine (max. 78 KW) tested with a 60 Nm load (a) NOx Emissions,ppm (b) Smoke Emissions, % Opacity FIR helps reduce smoke and NOx simultaneously.

  25. P-norm/M-norm Dyno Tests CARBURATORI BERGAMO, 24127 (BG), ITALY 7/20/2007 2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD 1900 cc Multijet turbodiesel 4 cyl. 16v, 110 kW @4000 rpm Odometer: 110,000 km

  26. Power/Torque Measurement Potenza & Coppia at 6th Gear (ratio 0.614:1) 2004 Alfa Romeo 147 JTD Max. 4410 rpm (149.0 km/h) Max. 4220 rpm (130.5 km/h) Peak Torque: 305 Nm @ 2000 rpm Con FIR: 327.6 Nm @ 2145 rpm Senza FIR: 289.4 Nm @ 3180 rpm Con FIR Con FIR OEM Engine Spec OEM Engine Spec Baseline (Senza FIR) Baseline (Senza FIR) FIR helps increase power/torque at mid- and high-speeds.

  27. School Bus Road Tests 2004 International School Bus CE VT365 diesel engine V8, 6.0 L with EVRT IR-emitter removed on 5/8/06 at 25,531 miles IR-emitter installed on 10/14/05 at 15,475 miles 6.23 5.67 mpg 5.40 12% improvement in fuel economy

  28. Diesel Trucks Fleet Test Cummins ISX475 15 L 475 HP HD diesel engine 2005 Kenworth T600A Tractor 3 sets IR-emitters installed 6% improvement, or save 78 gallons per tractor per month

  29. Summary & Conclusion “using IR-excitation to improve fuel combustion efficiency of engines” • IR-emitters (3 – 14 μm) developed. • Underlying science verified in methane-air counter-flow flame experiments: • IR-excited fuels burn faster, resulting in reduced fuel consumption rate and less CO & NO emissions • Engine/vehicle test results demonstrate IR-effects on increasing engine efficiency • More research to be done: • How IR-excitation participates in fuel combustion? • How IR-excited fuel improves engine performance?

  30. THANK YOU Please join us to develop IR-fuel technology Contact Information: Dr. Albert Wey Aldi Far-IR Products, Inc. (U.S.A.) e-mail: awey@allways.net Dario FranzoniBalos Technology (Italy) e-mail: info@balostec.it tel : (+39) 02.320.62.56.31

More Related