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Comprehensive Guide to Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Injuries

Learn about common injuries such as great toe sprain, ingrown toenail, ankle sprains, Jones' fracture, Achilles tendonitis, shin splints, and stress fractures. Understand symptoms, causes, and orthopedic tests for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

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Comprehensive Guide to Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Injuries

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  1. Foot, Ankle, & Lower Leg Injuries

  2. Great Toe Sprain • At the 1st Metatarsal-phalangeal joint • Hyper extension or hyper flexion • Pain, tenderness, and/or swelling is on dorsal or plantar surface of MTP joint

  3. Ingrown Toe Nail

  4. Ingrown Toe Nail • Nail grows into surrounding tissue • Cause : poor trimming of toe nails; rounded instead of straight; or too short

  5. Inversion Ankle Sprain Lateral ligaments usually injured due to stretching mechanism 85% of ankle sprains are inversion Fibula prevents severe eversion Deltoid ligament is stronger

  6. Inversion Ankle Sprain • Deformities • Swelling, discoloration, pain & point tenderness • ROM decreased • Strength decreased • Orthopedic Test : Anterior Drawer Test – Grade I, II, III

  7. Inversion Ankle Sprain

  8. Ankle Sprains • So What structures are normally injured? • Grade 1: Anterior Talofibular • Grade 2: ATF & Calcaneofibular • Grade 3: ATF, CF, & Posterior Talofibular

  9. Jones’ Fracture

  10. Jones’ Fracture • Avulsion fracture of the 5th metatarsal head in inversion sprain • Xrays needed to rule out fracture if suspected

  11. Achilles Tendonitis • Irritation or inflammation of the Achilles Tendon • Swelling, tenderness, heat, crepitus (crunchiness), pain • If worsens, can lead to complete tear

  12. Achilles’ Rupture

  13. Achilles Tendon Rupture • Athlete usually falls, grabbing leg in pain • Feels as if they were shot in the back of their leg • Extreme pain, swelling, deformity or depression, weakness or complete loss of plantar flexion • Orthopedic Test: Thompson’s Test

  14. Thompson’s Test

  15. GASTROCNEMIUS • STRAIN

  16. Shin Splints • Called Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome • It is inflammation of the periosteum lining of the tibia • Caused from the Soleus muscle insertion • Pronation • Out of shape or overuse • Change in running distance, surface, footwear, or form

  17. Shin Splints (cont.) • Dull achy pain, can be present before, during, and after activity • Point tender on medial border of tibia • Pain with resisted plantar flexion (due to Soleus) involvement

  18. Stress Fractures • Caused by repetitive stress • Usually to tibia, fibula, and metatarsals (but can occur in any bone) • Complain of most intense pain after activity and during night • Pain and swelling on bone at fracture site

  19. Stress Fracture • Bone scan is • needed to • diagnose

  20. Using those X-ray Eyes • Percussion test • Bump test • Squeeze Test • Vibration (tuning fork) • Compression/Distraction

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