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Chapter 37

Chapter 37. Plant Nutrition. Nutrients. Essential : not made by the plant but required for the plant life cycle Macro - (large amounts) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium

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Chapter 37

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  1. Chapter 37 • Plant Nutrition

  2. Nutrients • Essential: not made by the plant but required for the plant life cycle • Macro- (large amounts) carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium • Micro- (small amounts; cofactors of enzyme action) chlorine, iron, boron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel • Deficiency • chlorosis (lack of magnesium; chlorophyll production) chlorosis

  3. Soil • Determines plant growth & variety (also climate) • Composition/horizons: • •topsoil (rock particles, living organisms, humus = partially decayed organic material) • •loams (equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay)

  4. Nitrogen Fixation • Atmosphere = 80% N2 not available to animals or plants directly. Requires bacteria! • Conversion to: ammonium (NH4+) or nitrate (NO3-) • Bacteria types: Ammonifying (humus decomposition); nitrogen-fixing (atmospheric N2); nitrifying (convert NH4+ to NO3-); denitrifying (convert NO3-to N2) • Nitrogen fixation; crop rotation (cotton soybeans)

  5. Plant symbiosis, I • Rhizobium bacteria (found in root nodules in the legume family) • Mutualistic: legume receives fixed N2; bacteria receives carbohydrates & organic materials

  6. Plant symbiosis, II • Mycorrhizae (fungi); modify plant’s roots • Mutualistic: fungus receives sugar; plant receives increased root surface area and increased phosphate uptake • Two types: ectomycorrhizae • ensheaths the roots • endomycorrhizae • (90% of plants) •through cell wall but not cell membrane http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bq1bTduTzC0

  7. Plant parasitism & predation • Mistletoe(parasite) • Epiphytes - plant uses another plant for support, common in rainforests (commensalism) • Carnivorous plants • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhcOYgCJK4o&feature=related

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