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Finding All evidence

Learn how to effectively search databases, use controlled vocabulary and text words, and choose the right keywords. Explore sensitivity vs. precision, synonyms, Boolean operators, and combining concepts. Discover popular databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane for your research needs.

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Finding All evidence

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  1. Finding All evidence

  2. Search • Database and search interfaces • Sensitivity versus precision • Controlled vocabulary and text words • Synonyms, related terms, variant spellings, truncation and wildcards • Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) • Combining concepts

  3. Database and search interfaces • MEDLINE ; PubMed, Ovid, EBSCO • EMBASE ; EMBASE, Ovid, EBSCO • CHOCRANE ; Wiley-Blackwell

  4. Medline Embase Cochrane Trials Registry Comparing Databases 30% 중복 Medline = Pubmed, Webspirs, OVID, …

  5. Sensitivity versus precision  Precision Sensitivity

  6. Controlled vocabulary and text words • MEDLINE & EMBASE (and many other databases) • Standardized subject terms (assigned by indexers). • Standardized subject terms (as part of a controlled vocabulary or thesaurus) • Useful : different words same concept • MEDLINE (MeSH) , EMBASE (EMTREE)

  7. MeSH • Medical Subject Heading • MEDLINE에 수록되는 저널 논문의 색인 등에 사용 • 매년 개정 • MeSH 용어의4가지 유형: - 표목(Headings) - 출판 유형(Publication Types) - 부표목(Subheadings) - 보조개념레코드(Supplementary Concept Records)

  8. MeSH • MeSH 용어는16개의 주요 범주로 조직되어 있다: • Anatomy • Organisms • Diseases • Chemical and Drugs • Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment • Psychiatry and Psychology • Biological Sciences • Physical Sciences • Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena • Technology and Food and Beverages • Humanities • Information Science • Persons • Health Care • Publication Characteristics • Geographic Locations

  9. MeSH Database 용어의 계층구조

  10. 부표목-표목의 특정 측면의 기술 중심주제(maiortopic) 용어확장(expiode) 유사어-용어에 대한 유의어들 이전에 사용된 용어 관련어-참조할 만한 관련 용어 소개

  11. Controlled vocabulary • ‘explode’ subject terms( include more specific terms automatically in the search)- For example, a MEDLINE search using the MeSH term BRAIN INJURIES, if exploded, will automatically search not only for the term BRAIN INJURIES but also for the more specific term SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME. • more specific term vs more general term • ‘Find Similar’ or ‘Related Articles ' • Publication Type terms and other related MeSH terms • Randomized trial ; indexed in MEDLINE - Publication Type term ‘Randomized Controlled Trial’ & MeSH term RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC • Reviews and meta-analyses.

  12. Free-text term • Earlier articles VS Recent articles. • Abstracts are not included in MEDLINE(most articles published before 1976) -text word searches will only apply to titles. • MEDLINE indexing terms relating to study design were not available before the 1990s, • Text word searches are necessary to retrieve older records. • In order to identify as many relevant records as possible searches should comprise a combination of subject terms selected from the controlled vocabulary or thesaurus (‘exploded' where appropriate) with a wide range of free-text terms.

  13. Synonyms, related terms, variant spellings, truncation and wildcards • synonyms: ‘pressure sore’ OR ‘decubitus ulcer’ • related terms: ‘brain’ OR ‘head’ • variant spellings: ‘tumour’ OR ‘tumor’. • truncation: random* = random or randomised or randomized or randomly • wildcard: wom?n (for woman or women).

  14. weight weight chitosan chitosan Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) • AND = both terms(“term1 term2”) • OR = either term • NOT = not this term weight chitosan

  15. Combining concepts

  16. General structure of search • (Population OR synonym 1 OR …) AND • (Intervention OR synonym 1 OR …) AND • (Comparator OR synonym 1 OR …) AND • (Outcome OR synonym 1 OR …) AND • FILTER (for best study type)

  17. 검색어의 조합(예시) AND AND

  18. Search filters

  19. CENTRAL

  20. MEDLINE (Ovidformat)

  21. Summary points • population or condition and intervention together with a methodological filter for the study design, such as randomized trials. • For searches of CENTRAL, do not apply a randomized trial filter and do not limit to human. • combined with ‘OR’ within each concept. • Combine different concepts with ‘AND’. • Avoid use of the ‘NOT’ operator in combining search sets. • Aim for high sensitivity and be prepared to accept low precision. • Do not apply language restrictions to the search strategy.

  22. Start up!! • Start Explorer and enter • www.pubmed.org (Medline Database)

  23. 핵심질문 만들기(PICO) • Scenario-40세의 남자에게 신장이식 수술을 수행하고자 합니다. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)는 고형장기이식후 가장 흔한 사망률과 이환율의 원인으로 알려져왔습니다. 그렇다면 이남자에게 CMV 감염을 예방하기위해 항바이러스 제제에 대한 Pre-emptive treatment와 prophylaxis 중 어느것을 수행하는 것이 좋을지 판단하고자 합니다 • Question • Population • Indicator (intervention, test, etc) • Comparator • Outcome

  24. 핵심질문 만들기(PICO) • Question • Population –solid organ transplant recipients • Indicator (intervention, test, etc) – Pre-emptive treatment • Comparator –pracebo, prophylaxis • Outcome –Cytomegalovirusdisease • Underline the key terms • Number the order of importance from 1-4 • Think of alternate spellings, synonyms, & truncations

  25. 핵심질문 만들기(PICO) • Question • Population –solid organ transplant recipients • Indicator (intervention, test, etc) – Pre-emptive treatment • Comparator –pracebo, prophylaxis • Outcome –Cytomegalovirusdisease 2 1 4 3 • Underline the key terms • Number the order of importance from 1-4 • Think of alternate spellings, synonyms, & truncations

  26. Stepwise searching • Search with #1 PICO item • Pre-emptive treatment • Add #2 PICO item • Pre-emptive treatment AND solid organ transplant recipients • Add #3 PICO item • Pre-emptive treatment AND solid organ transplant recipients AND CMV disease • Add #4 PICO item • Pre-emptive treatment AND solid organ transplant recipients AND CMV disease AND pracebo, prophylaxis

  27. Result • Pre-emptive treatment 930 • solid organ transplant recipients 2189 • Cytomegalovirus disease 10691 • Prophylaxis 847505 • #1~#4(AND) 18

  28. Result • Pre-emptive treatment • Pre-emptive[All Fields] AND ("therapy"[Subheading] OR "therapy"[All Fields] OR "treatment"[All Fields] OR "therapeutics"[MeSH Terms] OR "therapeutics"[All Fields]) • solid organ transplant recipients • solid[All Fields] AND ("transplants"[MeSH Terms] OR "transplants"[All Fields] OR("organ"[All Fields] AND "transplant"[All Fields]) OR "organ transplant"[All Fields] OR "organ transplantation"[MeSH Terms] OR ("organ"[All Fields] AND "transplantation"[All Fields]) OR "organ transplantation"[All Fields] OR ("organ"[All Fields] AND "transplant"[All Fields])) AND recipients[All Fields]

  29. Result • Cytomegalovirus disease ("cytomegalovirus"[MeSH Terms] OR "cytomegalovirus"[All Fields]) AND ("disease"[MeSH Terms] OR "disease"[All Fields]) • Prophylaxis "prevention and control"[Subheading] OR ("prevention"[All Fields] AND "control"[All Fields]) OR "prevention and control"[All Fields] OR "prophylaxis"[All Fields]

  30. 검색어 선정 - Entry Terms • Neoplasms, Lung 153,603 • Lung Neoplasm 156.286 • Neoplasms, Pulmonary 165,308 • Neoplasm, Pulmonary 156,650 • Pulmonary Neoplasm 156,650 • Pulmonary Neoplasms 165,308 • Lung Cancer 166,982 • Cancer, Lung 166,759 • Cancers, Lung 155,132 • Lung Cancers 155,132 • Pulmonary Cancer 161,768 • Cancer, Pulmonary 161,768 • Cancers, Pulmonary 154,195 • Pulmonary Cancers 154,195 • Cancer of the Lung 166,759 • Cancer of Lung 166,759 • 1~16(OR) 183,535 • 1. Neoplasm*, Lung 154,617 • 2. Neoplasm*, Pulmonary 166,760 • 3. Pulmonary Neoplasm* 626 • 4. Lung Cancer* 60,270 • 5. Cancer*, Lung 94,517 • 6. Pulmonary Cancer * 1,089 • 7. Cancer*, Pulmonary 100,073 • 8. lung neoplasms[MeSH Terms] 124,688 • 1~8 (OR)184,021

  31. PubMed Overview • 특정논문의 검색 • 한번에 여러논문의 검색 • 임상논문의 검색 • 특정주제과 관련된 보건의료 연구자를 위한 검색 • MeSH 검색 • 저널 정보 검색 • 임상연구 등록 • 웹상에서 제공되는 관련정보원 링크

  32. Limits

  33. Limits

  34. Index Index 기능은 검색필드내에서 검색가능한 용어들의 리스트를 보여줌 Index 버튼을 사용하여 색인어에서 용어를 보고 선택하여 검색식에 추가

  35. History #29 AND #28 History 의 기능은 그간 검색이력이 보관되는 메뉴로 8시간이후 사라짐 검색식 번호로 조합이 가능

  36. Clipbord

  37. Clipbord

  38. Details

  39. More Tips on Effective Searching • TYPE of question결정(Tx, Dx..) • TYPE of question에 따른 가장 최선의 database 를 선택하라 • Intervention: Cochrane Library, PubMed, • Diagnostic: PubMed: Clinical Queries • Prognosis, Etiology: PubMed: Clinical Queries

  40. Clinical Queries

  41. Clinical Queries-narrow

  42. * Means any other letters AND means both terms required Check the question type Check the emphasis

  43. Narrow/specific search

  44. Broad/sensitive search

  45. 검색어 선정 - Entry Terms • Neoplasms, Lung 153,603 • Lung Neoplasm 156.286 • Neoplasms, Pulmonary 165,308 • Neoplasm, Pulmonary 156,650 • Pulmonary Neoplasm 156,650 • Pulmonary Neoplasms 165,308 • Lung Cancer 166,982 • Cancer, Lung 166,759 • Cancers, Lung 155,132 • Lung Cancers 155,132 • Pulmonary Cancer 161,768 • Cancer, Pulmonary 161,768 • Cancers, Pulmonary 154,195 • Pulmonary Cancers 154,195 • Cancer of the Lung 166,759 • Cancer of Lung 166,759 • 1~16(OR) 183,535 • 1. Neoplasm*, Lung 154,617 • 2. Neoplasm*, Pulmonary 166,760 • 3. Pulmonary Neoplasm* 626 • 4. Lung Cancer* 60,270 • 5. Cancer*, Lung 94,517 • 6. Pulmonary Cancer * 1,089 • 7. Cancer*, Pulmonary 100,073 • 8. lung neoplasms[MeSH Terms] 124,688 • 1~8 (OR)184,021

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