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Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications

Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications.

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Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications

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  1. Chapter 22 — XML Technologies and Applications Outline22.1 Introduction22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query)22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF)22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM)22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG)22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF)22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS)22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)22.12 XML Digital Signatures22.13 Extensible Rights Markup Language (XrML)22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)22.15 W3C’s XML Protocol22.16 XAML

  2. 22.1 Introduction • XML-related technologies • XML Query Language • Searching and retrieving data from XML documents • Directory Services Markup Language (DSML) • Describes relational data and metadata so it can be managed by directory services • Resource Definition Framework (RDF) • Enables description of XML document data • XML Topic Maps • Information mapping • Channel Definition Format (CDF) and Rich Site Summary (RSS) • Provide dynamic content • Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol • Manages content syndication over networks

  3. 22.1 Introduction • XML-related technologies, cont. • Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) • Describes Web site’s privacy policy • Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP) • Transfers data over the Internet • XML Digital Signatures • W3C recommendation for XML implementation of security • Extensible Rights Markup Language (XrML) • Licensing proprietary digital content • XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) • Exchanging program-modeling data

  4. 22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query) • Uses XSL patterns to search XML documents for specific data. • Similar to using SQL to search in relational databases

  5. 22.2 XML Query Language (XML Query)

  6. 22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML) • DSML • Manage relational resources and metadata • Use with XML • dynamically match data across networks. • Standard vocabulary and schema • Directories • handle distributed Web-based applications • Platform independent

  7. 22.3 Directory Services Markup Language (DSML)

  8. 22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF) • RDF • XML-based language • Describes information contained in a resource • Web page • Web site • Meta-data • List or catalog information on the Web • Evaluate Web sites for rating or digital signature • RDF model • W3C recommendation • RDF Schema Specification v1.0 • W3C Candidate Recommendation

  9. Describes resource specified in attribute about Title element marks up resource name Define root element rdf:RDF. rdf namespace prefix is for RDF elements. dc namespace prefix is for metadata elements (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative). 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 <!-- Fig 22.3 : simple.rdf -->4 <!-- Using RDF -->5 6 <rdf:RDF7 xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"8 xmlns:dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">9 10 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com"> 11 <dc:Title>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Title>12 <dc:Description>13 This is the home page of 14 Deitel and Associates, Inc.15 </dc:Description>16 <dc:Date>2000-5-24</dc:Date>17 <dc:Format>text/html</dc:Format>18 <dc:Language>en</dc:Language>19 <dc:Creator>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Creator>20 </rdf:Description>21 22 </rdf:RDF> simple.rdf Describes the Deitel & Associates, Inc. Web site.

  10. 22.4 Resource Definition Framework (RDF) Fig. 22.4 Visualization tool showing simple.rdf. [Courtesy of World Wide Web Consortium]

  11. rdf:Bag element is a container element for an unordered list of resources Seq element represents an ordered list of resources Each li element represents an individual resource 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 <!-- Fig. 22.5 : links.rdf -->4 <!-- Describing entire Web site -->5 6 <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf = "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"7 xmlns:dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/">8 9 <rdf:Description about = "www.deitel.com">10 <dc:Title>Home page of Deitel products</dc:Title>11 <dc:Creator>Deitel and Associates, Inc.</dc:Creator>12 13 <dc:Subject>14 15 <rdf:Bag ID = "links_1">16 <rdf:li resource = “http://www.deitel.com/books/index.htm"/>17 <rdf:li resource =18 "http://www.deitel.com/services/training/index.htm"/>19 </rdf:Bag>20 21 <rdf:Bag ID = "links_2">22 <rdf:li resource =23 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/contractors.htm"/>24 <rdf:li resource =25 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/internships.htm"/>26 </rdf:Bag>27 28 <rdf:Seq ID = "links_3">29 <rdf:li resource = "http://www.deitel.com/intro.htm"/> 30 <rdf:li resource = "http://www.deitel.com/directions.htm"/>31 </rdf:Seq> links.rdf

  12. aboutEach attribute provides a description of each resource 32 33 </dc:Subject>34 35 </rdf:Description>36 37 <!-- description of the common feature of the Bag links_1-->38 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_1">39 <dc:Description>About our Products</dc:Description>40 </rdf:Description>41 42 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_2">43 44 <dc:Description>45 Announcements, Opportunities 46 and Internships at Deitel and Associates, Inc.47 </dc:Description>48 49 </rdf:Description>50 51 <rdf:Description aboutEach = "#links_3">52 <dc:Description>All about us</dc:Description>53 </rdf:Description>54 55 <!-- further description of each link -->56 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/books/index.htm">57 58 59 <!-- description of page title -->60 <rdf:Title>61 Books, Multimedia Cyber Classrooms 62 and Complete Training Courses63 </rdf:Title>64 65 </rdf:Description> links.rdf

  13. 6667 <rdf:Description about =68 "http://www.deitel.com/services/training/index.htm">69 <rdf:Title>Corporate Training Courses</rdf:Title>70 </rdf:Description>71 72 <rdf:Description about =73 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/contractors.htm">74 <rdf:Title>Looking for Training Contractors</rdf:Title>75 </rdf:Description>76 77 <rdf:Description about =78 "http://www.deitel.com/announcements/internships.htm">79 80 <rdf:Title>81 Internships at Deitel and Associates, Inc.82 </rdf:Title>83 84 </rdf:Description>85 86 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/intro.htm"> 87 88 <rdf:Title>89 Introduction to Deitel and Associates, Inc.90 </rdf:Title>91 92 </rdf:Description>93 94 <rdf:Description about = "http://www.deitel.com/directions.htm">95 <rdf:Title>Our location and how to get there</rdf:Title>96 </rdf:Description>97 98 </rdf:RDF> links.rdf

  14. 22.3 Directory Services MarkupLanguage (DSML)

  15. 22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM) • Topic Maps • ISO Standard • Model for navigating and linking resources • Topic • Basic unit of topic map • Represents a subject and references subject data • Names • Occurrences • Topic information resources • Role • Type • Associations • Identity • Scope • Facets

  16. Root element topicmap id attribute identifies each topic (unique) basename element gives topic a name which applications can use (mandatory) dispname element displays the topic name to users topname element describes characteristics of parent topic element topic element describes each topic in a topic map sortname element is a name applications use for sorting purposes types attribute indicates that car is a type of light vehicle 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 <!-- Fig. 22.7: vehicles.xml -->4 <!-- simple topic map -->5 6 <topicmap>7 8 <!-- topics -->9 <topic id = "light-vehicle">10 11 <topname>12 <basename>Light weight vehicles</basename>13 <dispname>Passenger vehicles</dispname>14 <sortname>Light weight vehicles</sortname>15 </topname>16 17 </topic>18 19 <topic id = "heavy-vehicle">20 21 <topname>22 <basename>Heavy weight vehicles</basename>23 <dispname>Construction vehicles</dispname>24 <sortname>Heavy weight vehicles</sortname>25 </topname>26 27 </topic>28 29 <topic id = "car" types = "light-vehicle">30 31 <topname>32 <basename>ABC&apos;s car</basename>33 <dispname>Sports car</dispname>34 <sortname>car</sortname>35 </topname> vehicles.xml

  17. Attribute loctype specifies location type at which topic occurs Attribute occurl describes occurrence role occurs element describes topic occurrences 36 37 <!-- occurrences of topic car -->38 <occurs occrl = "webpage" loctype = "URL">39 http://www.abcsportscar.com/new40 </occurs> 41 42 <occurs occrl = "order-online" loctype = "URL">43 http://www.abcsportscar.com/outlet44 </occurs> 45 </topic>46 47 <topic id = "earth-mover" types = "heavy-vehicle">48 49 <topname>50 <basename>ABC&apos;s heavy duty mover</basename>51 <dispname>Earth movers</dispname>52 <sortname>Earth mover</sortname> 53 </topname>54 55 <!-- occurrences of topic earth-mover -->56 <occurs occrl = "webpage" loctype = "URL">57 http://www.abcsportscar.com/heavy-vehicles58 </occurs> 59 60 </topic> 61 62 <topic id = "make">63 <topname>64 <basename>ABC, Inc.</basename>65 </topname>66 </topic>67 68 <topic id = "product">69 <topname>70 <basename>Product</basename> vehicles.xml

  18. assoc element represents topic map associations assocrl element declares association topics 71 </topname>72 </topic>73 74 <!-- associations -->75 <assoc type = "make">76 <assocrl type = "product">car</assocrl>77 <assocrl type = "product">earth-mover</assocrl>78 </assoc>79 80 </topicmap> vehicles.xml Program Output C:\tmproc>c:\Python\python -i tmproc.py vehicles.xmlStarting topic map processing...Parsing vehicles.xml with xmlproc 0.62Finished topic map processing...>>> tm.get_topics()[<tm.Topic light-vehicle>, <tm.Topic make>, <tm.Topic earth-mover>, <tm.Topic car>, <tm.Topic product>, <tm.Topic heavy-vehicle>]>>> tm.get_types_list(tm["car"])[<tm.Topic light-vehicle>]>>> tm.is_type(tm["earth-mover"], tm["heavy-vehicle"])1>>> tm.get_topics_of_type(tm["heavy-vehicle"])[<tm.Topic earth-mover>]>>> topic = tm["car“]>>> topicname = topic.get_names()[0]>>> n = topicname.get_basenames()[0]

  19. >>> n.get_name()"ABC's car">>> dispname = topicname.get_dispnames()[0]>>> dispname.get_name()'Sports car'>>> firstOccur = topic.get_occurrences()[0]>>> firstOccur.get_rolename()'webpage'>>> secondOccur = topic.get_occurrences()[1]>>> secondOccur.get_rolename()'order-online'>>> association = tm.get_associations()[0]>>> association.get_type()<tm.Topic make> vehicles.xml Program Output

  20. 22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM)

  21. 22.5 XML Topic Maps (XTM)

  22. 22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG) • VHG • Platform-independent specification for terminology • Attaches semantic information to structures data • Attach wordy definitions to tags • Framework of hyper-linked glossaries, dictionaries and thesaurus • Uses XML DOM • Create hierarchical structure for glossaries • Search and index • Additional software tools • Lexical markup of documents • Advanced indexing • Concept-map generation • translation

  23. 22.6 Virtual HyperGlossary (VHG)

  24. 22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF) • CDF • Microsoft XML application • Push technology • Automatically sends content to users • Define channels to deliver content to subscribed users • Refer users between sites

  25. Links to a CDF document 1 <!-- Fig. 22.11 : simple.html -->2 <!-- Simple example of CDF -->3 <!doctype html public"-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">4 <html>5 6 <body>7 <a href = "simple.cdf">Get a simple channel!!</a>8 </body>9 10 </html> simple.html Internet Explorer and CDF Logo icon

  26. Root element channel describes channel for Web site abstract element provides description for the channel Defines a channel logo style set to icon defines the logo as an icon for the channel item elements provides a Web page 1 <?xml version = "1.0"?>2 3 <!-- Fig. 22.13 : simple.cdf -->4 <!-- Simple example of CDF -->5 6 <!DOCTYPE channel SYSTEM "cdf.dtd">7 8 <channel href = "http://www.deitel.com">9 10 <title>Deitel Products</title>11 <abstract>An example of CDF</abstract>12 13 <logo href = "http://www.deitel.com/images/logotiny.gif"14 style = "ICON"/>15 16 <item href = 17 "http://www.deitel.com/books/1999/jhtp3/jhtp3toc.htm">18 <title>Java How to Program 3rd Edition</title>19 <logo href =20 "http://www.deitel.com/images/0130125075_small.jpg"21 style = "ICON"/>22 </item>23 24 <item href = 25 "http://www.deitel.com/books/1999/iw3htp/iw3htp_toc.htm">26 <title>Internet and World Wide Web How to Program</title>27 <logo href = 28 "http://www.deitel.com/images/0130161438_small.jpg"29 style = "ICON"/>30 </item>31 32 </channel> simple.cdf

  27. 22.7 Channel Definition Format (CDF)

  28. 22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol • ICE • Facilitate redistribution and reuse of Web content • Automates data syndication, transfer and analysis • Request/response model • Manages subscriptions • Data contained in packages • Sequenced package model • Pull model • Querying between systems • Submitted to W3C for recommendation

  29. 22.8 Information and Content Exchange (ICE) Protocol

  30. 22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS) • RSS • Netscape technology • implements push technology • Use to create channels which automatically distribute information

  31. 22.9 Rich Site Summary (RSS)

  32. 22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) • P3P • W3C recommendation • Help Web users manage how their personal information is collected and used on the Internet • Web site uses P3P technology • Specifies what information site requests and how site uses info. • Browser interprets information and compares with user-defined privacy settings

  33. 22.10 Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P)

  34. 22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP) • BXXP • Alternative to HTTP for transferring data over the Internet • Used to develop more specific protocols • Sends “blocks” of XML data over TCP • Can be simultaneous • Still under development

  35. 22.11 Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol (BXXP)

  36. 22.12 XML Digital Signatures • Security concerns with XML • Changing of externally referenced DTDs and stylesheets • alters information • Leaves security gaps • Deletes information • Digital signature • Provides a way to modify documents • W3C specification for digital signatures • Algorithms • DSS • SHA-1 • Outside algorithms and security models

  37. 22.12 XML Digital Signatures • Digital signature • Apply to any type of data • Placed within XML document • Signed data • Enveloped by signature • Envelops the signature • Detached from the signature • IBM XML Security Suite • Signature program for B2B transactions • Technologies • Digital signatures • Elementwise encryption • Access control • Public-key cryptography • Hash authentication

  38. 22.12 XML Digital Signatures

  39. 22.13 Extensible Rights MarkupLanguage (XrML) • XrML • ContentGuard Inc. proprietary XML application • Electronic content providers • Specify rights, fees and use conditions • Display to users • Implement by computers invisibly • Specify subscription, rental and even transter of e-content • Use DRM with XrML • Digital rights management • Ensure e-content protection (automatic enforcement by software) • Supports several server platforms

  40. 22.13 Extensible Rights MarkupLanguage (XrML)

  41. 22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) • Meta Object Facility (MOF) • Contains Unified Modeling Language (UML) • Describes all software modeling environments • XML • Integrated XML, UML and MOF • Developers working with different tools and development environments can collaborate to create compatible applications • Stream-based Model Interchange Format (SMIF) • Enables streaming object data from remote databases and file storage

  42. 22.14 XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)

  43. 22.15 W3C’s XML Protocol • XML-based messaging • design envelope for interoperable XML encapsulation and transfer • convention for making remote procedure calls (RPC) • mechanism for serializing nonsyntactic data • method to bind HTTP to XML • Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) • Shapes envelope and serialization technologies • Extensibility, simplicity, modularity and interoperability

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