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Input Output Framework Workshop Industry Accounts Division Statistics Canada Fabienne Leclerc

Input Output Framework Workshop Industry Accounts Division Statistics Canada Fabienne Leclerc Calgary December 4, 2008. Industry Accounts Division. Outline of the Workshop. Overview of the I-O accounts -Mandate -Production cycle Structure of the I-O tables -Why Regular?

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Input Output Framework Workshop Industry Accounts Division Statistics Canada Fabienne Leclerc

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  1. Input Output Framework Workshop Industry Accounts Division Statistics Canada Fabienne Leclerc Calgary December 4, 2008 Industry Accounts Division

  2. Outline of the Workshop • Overview of the I-O accounts -Mandate -Production cycle • Structure of the I-O tables -Why Regular? -Industry and Commodity dimension - Industry and commodity Account Balance • Example • Case study: The clothing industry • Valuation: difference between purchaser and producer • The I-O Framework • Applications • Regionalization of the IO model - Assumptions -Outputs of the model -Confidentiality constraints • Simulations – case studies • Multipliers and ratios

  3. Mandate of the division The mandate of the Industry Accounts Division (IAD) is to develop provincial annual and monthly national production accounts for Canada. Annual input-output tables for Canada in current and constant prices serve as the foundation for national monthly measures of constant price GDP by industry, while the inter-provincial input output tables perform this function for the annual current and constant price measures of GDP by industry for the provinces and territories In addition, the IAD supplies benchmark data for other modules of the Canadian System of National Accounts by way of annual national Input-Output (I/O) tables in current and constant prices, annual provincial Input-Output tables as well as interprovincial trade flows in current prices, supplementary tables on GDP by industry, taxes and other margins by commodity and industry.

  4. The information provided by IAD is critical to the ability of governments and the private sector to make well informed economic decisions. Because the monthly GDP program provides the most timely measure of the status of the Canadian economy, it is a key indicator used by the Bank of Canada in setting monetary policy. Like the Bank of Canada, the Department of Finance also monitors the evolution of the economy, in its case to plan the federal budget and formulate macroeconomic policies.

  5. This information is used by provincial and territorial governments (for example, by their finance and industry ministries) in tracking industrial sources of economic growth or contraction, and in their budgetary planning. The statistics allow them to assess the impact of economic events, and of their economic development programs on particular sectors of their economies.

  6. The I-O tables are also used by fiscal authorities to allocate and forecast commodity taxes • by way of taxable proportions of personal expenditures, by province and by category, for HST revenue allocation (these are necessary for estimation of HST applicable level of spending for personal expenditures); • by way of levels of taxable expenditure subject to HST for industries engaged in the production of tax-exempt supplies by province; • by way of national estimates of trade, transport and tax margins (13 types in 1996) by commodity and type of user

  7. The I-O table production process also serves to perform a measure of quality assurance audit to statistics provided by data supplying Divisions as well as providing regular feedback to these Divisions. This role is made possible through the integration of numerous data sources used in the construction of the Input-Output tables. The IAD also provides services on a cost-recovery basis to clients in government, business and academic communities, through direct sales of customized data bases and by performing economic impact simulations with internally developed input-output models on specifications provided by the client. The bulk of the data needed to calculate aggregate productivity measures and other performance indicators also comes from the I-O tables.

  8. Input-Output Production Schedule • National tables are produced June each year with a 30 month lag from the reference year • Provincial tables are produced and released together with the national tables in November of each year with a 34 month lag from the reference year

  9. Relationship between the I/O Framework and the SNA Satellite Accounts Income and Expenditure Accounts Productivity Estimates National GDP by industry Balance of Payments Accounts Environmental and resource accounts National Input-Output Tables Provincial Economic Accounts Provincial Input-Output Accounts Provincial GDP by Industry Accounts Interprovincial Trade Flow Accounts

  10. BASIC STRUCTURE OF CANADIAN INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES • Rectangular Input-Output Tables developed at Statistics Canada • Inputs and Outputs of industries are presented in separate rectangular tables, showing Industry by commodity detail, (number of commodities exceed number of industries) • Input-Output tables consist of 4 matrices 1. Make Matrix (Outputs) 303 industries 727 commodities 2. Use Matrix (Inputs) 303 industries 727 commodities 3. Final Demand Matrix 172 categories 727 commodities 4. Trade flows 727 commodities

  11. Industry Balance Account level S (year 2005) example • The total production value of any or all industries in the output table equals the sum of the intermediate inputs plus Gross Domestic Product inputs in the inputs table. • As an example, industry 5 for mining and oil and gas extraction, shows a production total value of 155,827.6 million dollars in the 2005 outputs table. The same value of total inputs of this industry of 155,827.6 million dollars is shown as the column total of the 2005 inputs table. The Gross Domestic Product inputs (at market price) shows as rows 52-59 is 111,390.0million (71.5 % of total) and the intermediate inputs of goods and services is 44,437.6 millions (28.5 % of total) shown as rows 1-51.

  12. Input-Output IdentitiesGross Domestic Product Market Price (2005) • Inputs table total column • sum of rows 52 to 59 • GDP market price inputs 1,284,596.9 • Plus Final Demand table total column • sum of rows 52-59 • GDP Market price Final Demand 88,030.9 • Equals GDP market price • Income side 1,372,627.7 • Equals expenditures on GDP • grand total of Final Demand

  13. Industry Dimension • I/O Industry structure is NAICS-based • 6-digit NAICS Industries (over 900) linked to I/O Industry (303) • I/O Industries are on establishment concept • Universe is based mainly on the Statistics Canada Business Register • (BR is generally used as a survey frame by survey divisions) • I/O Industry includes Input costs and Output values (similar to profit and loss statements of businesses; outputs akin to revenues, inputs akin to expenses incurred to generate revenues) • Data sources include Surveys, Administrative data, annual reports, etc.

  14. I/O Industries (con’d) • All Survey and admin data can be linked to NAICS which in turn is linkable to I/O Industries • There are issues related to consistent Industry linking (company vs establishment vs enterprise) which causes data confrontation issues • I/O analysts review survey methodologies and results focussing on such things as universe, coverage, response rates, imputations, edits; production may be under/over reported, imports and exports may be improperly valued, commodities may be misclassified. • Time-series require significant interaction and feedback to survey division • Survey results are compared to other data where available such as: administrative data for wages (T4), GIFI (General Index of Financial Information), (corporate income tax file from CRA), Net income (T1)

  15. Detail of the 303 industries and the 172 categories of final demand 287 Industries (Business sector) 16 Industries (Non-business sector) 303 • 52 categories of consumer expenditures • 52 categories of current investment in machinery and equipment • 53 categories of current investment in construction • 4 categories of changes in inventories • 1 category of domestic exports • 1 category of re-exports • 1 category of imports • 6 categories of Federal, Provincial and Municipal expenses • 1 category of interprovincial imports • 1 category of interprovincial exports • 172

  16. Commodity Dimension • Industries produce and sell commodities which are either goods or services. • Input-Output goods commodities are concorded to the International Harmonized System (HS) standard classification of goods (SCG). • Input-Output service commodities are specified by type and will be concorded to the international Central Product Classification (CPC) (yr. 2007).

  17. Commodity Balance AccountLevel S (year 2005) example • The production of a commodity (supply) equals the sum (demand) of intermediate use (inputs table) plus final demand (final demand table) • The domestic production from Canadian industries of the row commodity 23, motor vehicle, other transportation equipment & parts is 133,576.6 millions for all industries in the outputs table. • The Inputs table shows a total use of 68,504.4 millions of this commodity plus final demand total use of 65,072.2 millions equals 133,576.6 millions

  18. The relationships above are shown schematically (year 2005) Inputs Final Demand Total Row 1 2613 Row 51 Row 52 1373 GDP Row 59 Total 2613 1373 1328 1,285 Intermediate 1,285 88

  19. NAICS 1859-Other clothing acc.National level

  20. DIMENSIONS AND CONFIDENTIALITY CONSTRAINTS NAICS’s based Classifications: “W” “L” “M” “S” Industries 303 117 62 25 Commodities 727 476 111 59 Final Demand Categories 172 120 39 16 • Interprovincial I-O table adds final demand categories for Exports and Imports with each province/territory • National I-O tables are published at “S” level. The “S”, “M” and “L” levels are available on CANSIM. • Interprovincial I-O tables are only publicly available at “S” level • Confidentiality constraints make it difficult to release provincial data at more disaggregated levels • Simulation model services are available using “W” level detail

  21. BASIC STRUCTURE OF INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES Categories are reflected through all 13 provinces/territories Industries Industries Categories Gross output of commodities Final Demand 719 X 172 MAKE 719 X 303 USE 719 X 303 Commo dities = + = + + Final use of primary factors8 X 172 Industry use of primary factors 8 X 303 GDP income based + = = = = Gross output of industries Total use of industries GDP expenditure based =

  22. ACCOUNTING IDENTITIES • Commodity balance: Production + imports = intermediate use + domestic final use + exports • Industry balance: - Total output of an industry (gross output) = its intermediate inputs + primary inputs - Gross Domestic Product (expenditure based) = Gross Domestic Product (income based)

  23. PROVINCIAL AND INTERPROVINCIAL INPUT-OUTPUT TABLES • A Provincial Input-Output table looks identical to the National • An Interprovincial Input-Output table accounts for economic linkages among the provinces and territories, adding 24 final demand categories for exports and imports for each province and territory

  24. Interprovincial Trade Flow Matrix Categories reflect 719 commodities and indirect taxes on products by province. Ix =International exports Pxi=Provincial exports Im=International imports Pmi=Provincial imports

  25. Interprovincial Trade Flows In addition to international exports and imports, we show provincial exports and provincial imports. This introduces three additional constraints. A) Across regions, total regional imports equal total regional exports, net (interregional) trade balances of regions sums to zero. B) Sum of foreign exports (foreign imports) of regions equal total national exports (imports). C) Across regions, total supply equals total disposition.

  26. CONVENTIONS FORINTERPROVINCIAL FLOWS 1. Exportscan originate from a region if the goods or services are produced in that region or are withdrawn form inventories of establishments in that region. A regional export also occurs when services (e.g. hotel accommodations, meals or entertainment) are purchased within a region by a non-resident while staying in that region. 2. Importsare defined for a region if the goods or services are destined for the region's current expenditure, for capital formation in the region, used as intermediate inputs by establishments in that region, or make up additions to inventories.

  27. I/O treatment of imports and exports • Contrast this concept with imports and exports by port of lading or custom clearance. They are in many cases not consistent with true origin and destination. • Since goods and services are valued at approximate basic prices, interregional imports and exports are more complex as goods imported from another region may lead to import of various margins from other regions or abroad.

  28. VALUATION OF INPUT-OUTPUT CELLS • All Cells must be valued consistently in order for tables to balance • For Analytical Uses I-O tables are valued at producer prices • Producer Price = selling prices at boundary of the producing establishment (in manufacturing, “factor gate” price) excluding all taxes • Purchaser Price = valuation of commodities purchased by industries and final demand sectors • Margins = There are 7 types of margins that are used to convert between purchaser and producer price valuations: retail , wholesale, tax, transport, gas, storage and pipeline • I-O tables are first balanced in purchaser prices and subsequently in producer prices

  29. Producer to Purchaser valuation for a commodity Value • Domestic plant produce a good g3 60 • Good is transported to a wholesaler 1 • Good is bought by a wholesaler 61 • Good is sold by the wholesaler to a retailer 68 Wholesale margins 7 • At point of sale tax is levied 12 • Final purchaser value to the buyer sold by retailer plus tax 80

  30. Purchaser to producer price valuation of Inputs to a buyer • Suppose the good valued at 80 is a input to an industry which also buys other goods and services and GDP components • The purchaser price to producer price maybe shown

  31. Inputs for an Industry

  32. Exports: purchaser’s price vs producer’s price The exports are valued at the border (purchaser’s price) which includes a transport margin. Ex: export of a good produced in a factory in Ontario Purchaser’s price: $15,000.00 Producer’s price (factory in Ontario): $10,000.00 Transportation margin (transporter from Manitoba) $ 5,000.00 Then: export at purch. price = $15,000.00 But: export from Ontario = $10,000.00 (good) export from Manitoba = $ 5,000.00 (transport margin) Conclusion: Only the producer’s price shows the true transactions.

  33. APPLICATIONS

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