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Overview of IEEE 802.15: Solutions for the Last 10 Meters

This overview discusses the problem of wires and the need for wireless solutions in the last 10 meters. It explores potential solutions such as Bluetooth, HomeRF, and 802.11, and outlines the mission and goals of IEEE 802.15 in creating standards for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs).

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Overview of IEEE 802.15: Solutions for the Last 10 Meters

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  1. 802.15 Solutions for the Last 10 Meters: An Overview of IEEE 802.15 Working Group on WPANs Bob Heile, Chair 802.15 Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  2. 802.15-Overview The Problem • Wires are a problem • Get broken • Get lost • Get in the Way • Get misconnected Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  3. 802.15-Overview The Problem • People who carry a watch, pager, cell phone, PDA, and personal stereo have at least • Four displays • Two input devices • Four speakers • One microphone • Two long range communications links Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  4. 802.15-Overview The Problem • Unnecessary Duplication of • Information • Hardware I/O components • Software functions • Data entry Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  5. 802.15-Overview The Solution • Bluetooth?? • HomeRF SWAP and Firefly?? • 802.11?? • 802.15?? • Other?? Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  6. 802.15-Overview 802.15 Mission • Work closely with and build consensus among groups having an interest in WPANs like Bluetooth, HomeRF, and 802.11. • Provide an open forum to debate alternative proposals • Create Standards that meet the requirements of WPANs and have broad market appeal. • Deal effectively with coexistence and interoperability in a shared medium. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  7. 802.15-Overview IEEE P802, a Family of Standards Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  8. 802.15-Overview IEEE 802 Wireless Vision Statement “IEEE 802 is the focal point for Wireless LAN standards.” Jim Carlo • 802.11 Base Standard • 2.4GHz Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (1Mbit/s) • 2.4GHZ Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (2Mbit/s) • Infrared (1Mbit/s) • 802.11a 5GHz Extension (>20Mbit/s) • 802.11b 2.4GHz Extension (>8Mbit/s) • 802.15 Wireless Personal Area Networks • 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access (LMDS) Source: Jim Carlo, 802 Chair [JC-802-Consortium.PDF] can be downloaded from the following URL: ftp://ftp.flexipc.com/wearablesgroup/802/ Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  9. 802.15-Overview WPAN Positioning Statement High performance, higher cost Low performance, low cost • Continuum of needs for wireless products • No one solution can fill all needs • Family of complementary devices Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  10. 802.15-Overview WPAN Project History • Started in 1997 as ‘ad hoc’ group within IEEE Portable Applications Standards Committee (PASC) • At the time, no other Groups or Standards Bodies dealing with the problem • In March 1998 a Study Group was formed within 802.11 to develop a Project Authorization Request (PAR) • In March 1999, IEEE 802.15 Working Group for WPANs established • Kick-off Meeting July5-9 in Montreal-61 people attending, 39 achieved voting status. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  11. 802.15-Overview WPAN Related Activities • Bluetooth--over 1800 Companies Participating Formed May 20, 1998 Spec v1.0-July 99 • HomeRF/Firefly-- over 100 CompaniesFormed March 4, 1998 Spec Dec 98(swap)/Dec 99 • 802.15-- over 70 Companies ParticipatingTarget Standard Nov 00 Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  12. 802.15-Overview IEEE 802.15 Charter The IEEE P802.15 WPAN Working Group is chartered with developing Personal Area Network standards for short distance wireless networks. • Build on emerging industry specifications • Provide an open forum to debate these proposals • Identify substantive issues • Build consensus on solutions • Goal is to create standards that have: • broad market applicability • deal with the issues of coexistence and interoperability • widely used Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  13. 802.15-Overview Current 802.15 Project Activity • 802.15.1: Task Group 1 on 1Mbits/s WPAN based on the Bluetooth Radio 1 Specification • approved March 1999 • 802.15.2: Task Group 2 on Coexistence for Wireless Applications operating in the Unlicensed Bands • approved November 1999 • 802.15.3: Task Group 3 on 20+Mbits/s WPANs for Multimedia and Digital Imaging • approved March 2000 Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  14. 802.15-Overview P802.15 Functional Organization Chart Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  15. 802.15-Overview How IEEE 802 Establishes a Standard Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  16. 802.15.1-Bluetooth 802.15.1Task Group 1Bluetooth Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  17. 802.15.1-Bluetooth 802.15.1 Key Requirements • Worldwide spectrum allocations for unlicensed bands such as 2.4GHz • Up to 10 meters range • Low Cost: i.e., relative to target device • Small Size e.g., ~.5 cubic inches( excludes antenna & battery) • Power Management: Very Low current consumption (Average 20mw or less @ 10% Tx/Rx load) Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  18. 802.15.1-Bluetooth 802.15.1 Key Requirements • Asynchronous or connection-less data links • Synchronous, and connection-oriented links • Allow coexistence of multiple Wireless PAN’s in the same area (20 within 400 square feet) • Allow coexistence of multiple Wireless Systems such as P802.11 in the same area • Delivered Data Throughput at the MAC SAP: (19.2 - 100) kbit/s (actual 1 device to 1 device) Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  19. 6. July 1, 1999 or sooner Bluetooth 5. March 8, 1999 or sooner 4. January 15, 1999 or sooner Kodak IEEE 802.11 HomeRF Lite (Firefly) Bluetooth Intermec IEEE 802.11 HomeRF Lite Bluetooth Intermec Kodak 3. November 13, 1998 or sooner IEEE 802.11 HomeRF Lite Bluetooth Intermec 2. July 10, 1998 or sooner IEEE 802.11 HomeRF Lite Bluetooth GTE Intermec Motorola M/A-COM 1. May 22, 1998 or sooner IEEE 802.11 1997 HomeRF 3/4/98 Bluetooth 5/20/98 GTE 5/22/98 Intermec 5/22/98 M/A-COM 5/22/98 802.15.1-Bluetooth Results of CFPs and Submissions Wireless Personal Area Networking Call For Proposals Liaison Convergence Happening Possible Convergence Convergence Achieved Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  20. 802.15.1-Bluetooth Comparison of 802.15.1 WPAN Requirements with IEEE 802.11 WPAN MAC MAC Lite 2.4 GHz radio Freq. Hopping Spread Spectrum 2.4 GHz radio Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Lower data rate extension in 2.4 GHz 802.11x Higher data rate extension in 2.4 GHz 802.11b Higher data rate extension in 5 GHz 802.11a Infra-Red <1Mbit/s 11 & 5.5Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 2 Mbit/s 1 Mbit/s 6-12-18...54 Mbit/s Legend: italic (and red) = optional Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  21. 802.15.1-Bluetooth Right now the Task Group 1 is here • ~Jun97 - Idea for standard • Mar98 - Find Sponsor • Feb99 - Submit PAR • Mar99 - Approve PAR • Jul99 - Organize working group • 4Q99 - Develop draft standard • 2Q00 - Ballot draft standard • ? - Approve draft standard • ? - Publish approved standard Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  22. 802.15.1-Bluetooth What Task Group 1 is now doing • Write scope and purpose • Examine related standards and publications • Draft outline • Fill in outline • Revise, revise, revise • Finalize document You are here Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  23. 802.15.1-Bluetooth 802.15.1 Proposed Timelinefor Initial Standard & Beyond • Jul 1999 - Initial Discussion on Proposal submissions • Sep 1999 - Review initial draft standard. If Bluetooth specification is the only complete proposal, understand and present what problems, if any, it will create for other 802 standards. If minimal, base draft on BT spec. • Sept 1999- Initiate Call for Interest and form Study Group(s) to quickly initiate new PARs for other distinct functional classes of WPANs (HRF, Kodak, low end, etc) • Nov 1999 - Initial draft ready for WG ballot. New PAR(s) reviewed by Excom • Jan 2000 - First Ballot complete, second ballot kicked off. Parallel TG(s) formed • Mar 2000 - Second Letter Ballot complete • Jul 2000 - Third Letter Ballot complete • Sep 2000 - Draft ready for IEEE sponsor ballot • Dec 2000 - Approval by IEEE Standards Board Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  24. 802.15.2-Coexistence 802.15.2Task Group 2Coexistence of Wireless Applications in the Unlicensed Bands Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  25. 802.15.2-Coexistence Need for a Coexistence Recommended Practice • It is important that IEEE 802.15 WPAN devices coexist with other wireless devices in the unlicensed frequency bands. • In particular it is very important that 802.15 WPAN devices coexist with IEEE 802.11 WLAN devices. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  26. 802.15.2-Coexistence Definition of Coexistence • Multiple wireless devices are said to “coexist” if they can be collocated without significantly impacting the performance of any of these devices. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  27. 802.15.2-Coexistence Interoperability • The IEEE currently defines three levels of interoperability • Physically exchanging two interoperable devices causes no damage to the devices • Similar to our definition of coexistence • Interoperable devices can exchange data • We will allow but not require interoperability as a coexistence mechanism. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  28. 802.15.2-Coexistence WPAN Interoperability Classes • Class 4 - Fully Interoperable • Class 3 - Partial Interoperability: there is a way on the medium to exchange data without an intermediate device • Class 3a Transmit and Receive • Class 3b Receive Only • Class 3c Detect Energy • Class 2 - Bridge-like (1 MAC/2 PHYs) • Class 1 - Gateway-like (> 1 MAC) • Class 0 - Non Interoperable Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  29. 802.15.2-Coexistence Scope of Coexistence Task Group • The goal will be to address coexistence of: • Any 802.15 WPAN with any 802.11 WLAN • Any 802.15 WPAN with any other 802.15 WPAN (assuming there will be more than one) • Any 802.15 WPAN with selected other devices in the same band (e.g. HomeRF). Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  30. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Task Group Charter Three Phases 1. Develop a Coexistence Model 2. Suggest Recommended Practices for 802.15, 802.11 and other band users to facilitate coexistence. 3. Possibly suggest option choices or modifications to the 802.15 and 802.11 standards to enhance coexistence. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  31. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • The purpose of this model is: • To understand under what circumstance there is a coexistence problem and under what circumstances there is not a problem. • To develop supporting evidence to justify the recommended suggested practices and possible standards modifications. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  32. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model PHY Layer Models Data Traffic Models MAC Layer Models Coexistence Model RF Propagation Models Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  33. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • PHY Models • Models of the 802.11 and 802.15 PHY layers which will predict the impact of mutual interference when multiple devices are operating simultaneously, based upon given signal power levels. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  34. 802.15.2 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • Data Traffic Model • Model the data traffic flow based upon different application scenarios for both the WLAN and WPAN networks • Voice traffic • File transfer • Warehouse data collection • Video & Others Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  35. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • MAC Layer Models • Model the WLAN and WPAN MAC layers. • Combine that with the Data Traffic models to determine when each of the networks are transmitting data Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  36. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • RF Propagation Model • Model RF signal power levels at the different WPAN and WLAN nodes based on an RF propagation model. • Consider different application scenarios and physical distribution of devices. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  37. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Model • Bring together the four parts of the model to predict the impact on the WPAN and WLAN networks. • Data throughput • Data latency Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  38. 802.15.2-Coexistence Coexistence Task Group Plan • Review previously performed research. • Form Teams to work the different areas of the Coexistence Models. • Plan out what is the best approach to model the four areas of the model. • Plan out what is the best method to synthesize the four areas of the model. • Select the network performance metrics we plan to use. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  39. William Bailey wbailey@cisco.com Jim Allen jimallen@kodak.com Walt Davis epag25@email.mot.com 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN 802.15.3Task Group 3High Rate - WPAN Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  40. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Purpose • Provide a high speed PHY and MAC enhancement to 802.15.1 for applications which involve Imaging, Multimedia, and networks with more than 8 users. • Bi - Modal PHY • Compatible with 802.15.1 • 20+ Mbps Multimedia Capable • MAC • Isochronous • Enhancements to 802.15.1 • Not to impede Task Group 1 progress or direction Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  41. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN WirelessTransfer Rates Start High-Rate 5 Pictures 20 Mbs Bluetooth 5 Pictures 1 Mbs Source: Rick Alfvin, Eastman Kodak Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  42. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Broad Market Potential • Today’s, low bandwidth wireless systems do not satisfy the needs for consumer priced, embedded, high data rate systems. • Applications include: • Digital (Still) Imaging • Multimedia (Video, Voice over IP) • Many-user systems • Activity initiated by Eastman Kodak, Motorola, Cisco Systems. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  43. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Compatibility • Bi-Modal • The proposal will be backward compatible with 802.15.1 1Mbps mode using the dual mode PHY layer and MAC. • Is intended to conform to the 802 standards guidelines imposed on 802.15. • Task Group will work with Coexistence Task Group. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  44. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Distinct Identity • 20+ Mbps High Speed Personal Area Network is not currently being addressed by other Standards bodies or Industry Groups • 802.11a & b addresses the speed, but not the requirements of an embeddable consumer oriented WPAN. • 802.15.1 addresses the requirements of an embeddable consumer oriented WPAN, but not the speed. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  45. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Technical Feasibility • PHY - A 20 Mbps prototype is operational. • ASIC architecture has passed internal feasibility review • Prototype performance testing has started • MAC - Several enhancements to 802.15 TG1 are being modeled and simulated at the Protocol and Network levels. • Technology is scaleable to higher data rates and 5.8 GHz. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  46. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Economical Feasibility • Bill of Materials expected to be consistent with current Task Group 1 estimates. • Current ASIC estimates and discrete bill of materials provide validation. Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  47. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Devices & Accessories Source: Rick Alfvin, Eastman Kodak Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  48. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Applications Basic Requirement: Enable the high-speed, wireless interconnection of consumer devices to support the transfer of large multi-media data files and high speed, real-time data streams Source: Walt Davis, Motorola Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  49. Video distribution from set-top boxes to remote TV sets • In-home Internet connectivity from set-top boxes to personal devices and computers • Wireless video camera linkages • Wireless Audio and Video distribution for Home Theater Systems DCT-2000 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Applications Source: Walt Davis, Motorola Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

  50. 802.15.3-High Rate WPAN Applications • Low cost, high speed In-Home networking • Computer to computer • Computer to printer • Digital camera to printer • Appliance to appliance • Communications devices to peripherals Source: Walt Davis, Motorola Bob Heile-May 16, 2000

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