Increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through Intensive application of Integrated Pest Management

1. Increasing production of chickpea & pigeonpea through Intensive application of Integrated Pest Management Project Proposal 2010-12 Under Accelerated Pulses Production Programme NATIONAL CENTRE FOR INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT LBS Building IARI Campus, NEW DELHI

2. Chickpea - Area =7.63 Mh Production= 5.47 MT Source DAC Govt. of India (2006-07) Pigeonpea - Area =3.53 Mh Production= 2.35 MT In rainfed ecology realizing yield potential of promising varieties depends upon management of biotic and abiotic stresses Edaphic Abiotic Biotic Plant Diseases Insects Nematodes

3. Yield Gap in Pulses Source : Expert Committee Report on Pulses (TMOP) / MOA

4. Estimated loss* (%) due to specific pests in Chickpea and Pigeonpea Chickpea Pigeonpea Pod borer10-90%Pod borer complex40-60% Cutworm5-30% Phytophthora blight 5-10% Termites5-15% Wilt 10-15% Semilooper 0-10% Sterlity mosaic 10-15% Wilt/rootrot20-25%Alternaria blight 10-15% Ascochyta 5-10% Podfly complex10-50% Botrytis5-10% * Experimental results

6. Insects No resistance gene for podborer, hence >30% yield losses in Chickpea The IPM has reduced use of chemical pesticides from 4 to 1 with benefit ratio of 4.79 against 2.37 in Non-IPM

17. Status of Major Pests of Pigeonpea in India Pest Moderate damage areas High damage areas Wilt UP, Bihar, Jharkh, Guj, T N, WBM S, Karnat, AP MP PB M S, W B U P SMV Guj, A P U P, Bihar, M.S., Karnat T N Pod borer U P, Bihar, W B, Jharkhand M S, Guj, Karnat, A P, T N (H armigera) Pod fly U P, Bihar, Jhark, Pun, Hary,U P, Bihar, Jhark, W B M P Root knot M S U P, Bihar, Gujarat Cyst Nematode `M S, A P, T N

18. Contribution of plant protection in increasing yield of pulses Crop Percentage Increase Pigeon pea 44.57 Moog bean 42.20 Urd bean 48.50 Chickpea 23.64 Lentil 25.00 Based on field experiments

20. Outline of the project

21. OBJECTIVES • To develop “Nuclear Model Villages” in selective districts for demonstrating IPM modules in farmers’ participatory mode to suit their cropping systems. • Capacity building of technical assistants of different blocks, district/block level officers and farmers to enhance their capabilities towards healthy crop production through IPM strategies. • To develop and carryout awareness campaigns through conventional (print) and electronic media, to reach areas not covered under this programme. • To establish centralized “National Pest Reporting and Alert System” through networking of pulse growers, in addition to strengthening of pest diagnostic laboratory.

22. Pigeonpea IPM Module • Seed treatment with Trichoderma spp. To reduced wilt incidence.Antagonists strains have potential (T. harzianum, T. viride) • Intercropping with sorghum efficiently reduces wilt and pod borer. • Fixing of Pheromone traps for monitoring • Physical shaking of plants to dislodge grownup pod borer larvae. • Spray of HaNPV for pod borer management • Crude neem extract 5% (NSKE) against pod borer and pod fly. • Chemical pesticides (Emamectin benzoate) under high pest load

23. Chickpea IPM Module • Field sanitation • Seed treatment with Trichoderma and Rhizobium • Bird perches • Growing of Coriander/Linseed as 10th row intercrop for build up of natural enemies • Pheromone traps for H. armigera monitoring • Spray of NSKE 5% at flowering / pod formation stage • Spray of HaNPV if necessary • Endosulfan spray / Emamectin (if epidemic situation)

24. Area of operation by NCIPM under A3P

25. Pigeonpea area under IPM in 2010

26. Chickpea area under IPM in 2010

27. Horizontal spread of IPM Selection of village = SDA + SAU to cover whole village covering maximum of allocated unit.

28. Capacity Building

29. e - Pest Surveillance System

30. Village Katangi, Jabalpur (MP) Cercospora indica • Reduction in green area (50%) • Severe defoliation • Drop of flowers (> 75%) and buds

33. Village level Elite Farmers (Meeting at village level) Tech Asst of A3P For 1000 ha Data Entry through Cyber Cafe Village Boards, Media Data verification at SDA level Data Entry Friday SMS to farmers Advisory SAUs / NCIPM State Agril. Departments SAU Data analysis and issue of Advisory State Monitoring, analysis & communication

34. e-Pest Surveillance System Computer with net connection application Data collection by Tech Asst Data entry Data verification by SRF at SAU Online pest reporting & advisory application NCIPM database server Data processing Pest advisory viewed by state dept officials Advisory dispersed to Farmers through SMS Pest advisory fed into the system by experts Pest reports generated by above application in diff. formats i.e. tabular, graphical and maps

35. Networking Project outlay for 2009-10: Rs 12.79 crore

38. GIS Based Mapping System

39. Advisory Search Advisory View

40. Seedling mortality is a key constraint in and around Jabalpur Recommended seed rate : 70-100 kg/ha Seed rate in use : 120-150 kg/ha 3 days 7 days Strains of bioagents used as seed dresser are effective against Fusarium wilt, however not effective against Sclerotium rolfsii

41. Screening of some isolates of Trichoderma against F. ciceri

42. Soils from disease conducive as well as suppressive fields will be collected for analysis and identification of pathogen biotypes. Associated pathogens will be isolated for identification and their effective management and mapping of their occurrence at country level.

43. Likely Outputs Quantitative • Increase in Pulse production - reduction in pest incidence / intensity and saved yields. • Farmers - decision makers of their own fields. • economic upliftment through better C:B ratio • e.g., Chickpea IPM 1:4.79 FP 1:2.37 • Pigeonpea IPM 1:2.96 FP 1:1.87 • Reduced dependence on chemical pesticides • e.g., Chickpea IPM 1 FP 4 • Pigeonpea IPM 2 FP 6 • Increase in IPM coverage - healthy environment for human being as well as for pest defenders. • Establishing and strengthening - quality control laboratory, critical IPM inputs producing units at SAUs / KVK will serve as a local source of critical IPM inputs. • Improvement of soil health – in terms of conservation of soil inhabiting beneficial flora and fauna Qualitative

44. Thanks