The Age of Imperialism

1. The Age of Imperialism 1875-1914

2. Write down these 6 questions and answer as we take notes Title: Unit 4: Imperialism: Motives When? What? Who? (is doing the Imperializing) Where? (what countries are being imperialized?) Why? How?

3. The Age of Imperialism 1875-1914

4. The Age of Imperialism Imperialism = a policy of conquering and ruling other lands

5. Imperialism “The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the political, economic, and social life of the people of that nation.”

6. Why did Europeans believe they should/could take over countries around the world? What were their motives? Is Imperialism MORE beneficial or MORE harmful to the country being taken over? List pros and cons and then answer the question.

7. Why did countries imperialize? • 1. Political Reasons • 2. Economic Reasons • 3. Exploratory Reasons • 4. Religious Reasons • 5. Ideological Reasons

8. Nations competed for overseas empires. Britain’s lead was challenged. • In the mid-1800s, Britain was the most powerful nation in the world. • It’s factories produced more good than those of any other country. • The British Navy guarded the oceans so that those goods could be shipped safely to ports around the globe. • British banks loaned the money needed to build factories, mines, and railroads worldwide. • By the late 1800s, however, Germany and the United States were challenging Britain’s economic leadership. • Faced with possible decline, Britain looked increasingly to its colonies for markets and resources.

9. Nations competed for overseas empires.Imperialism fostered rivalries. • Other countries followed Britain’s lead and came to see colonies as necessary for their economic well-being. • The French and Dutch expanded their holdings and by 1900 France had an empire second in size only to Britain’s. • Spain and Portugal attempted to build new empires in Africa. • Austria-Hungary moved into the Balkans. • Russia expanded into the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Siberia. • Countries that had no colonies set out to acquire them. • Belgium, Italy, and Germany all took over lands in Africa (with Germany also taking an interest in East Asia & the Pacific islands).

11. Nations competed for overseas empires.Imperialism fostered rivalries. (continued) • Two non-European countries, the United States and Japan, also became involved in overseas expansion during this period. • Both the U.S. and Japan were interested in East Asia. • The U.S. was also deeply tied to Latin America. • Increasingly, Europeans viewed an empire as a measure of national stature. • Thus, the race for colonies grew out of a strong sense of national pride as well as from economic competition.

12. Nations competed for overseas empires.Europe believed in its own superiority. • Following the Industrial Revolution, Europeans regarded their new technology (weaponry, telegraphs, railroads etc.) as proof they were better than other peoples. • This attitude is a reflection of racism, the belief that one race is superior to others. • Europeans believed that they had the right and duty to bring the results of their progress to other countries.

13. Why did countries imperialize? 1. Political Reasons 2. Economic Reasons 3. Exploratory Reasons 4. Religious Reasons 5. Ideological Reasons

14. *Why did countries imperialize? • 1. Political Reasons • Balance of Power • Prestige • Military victories (heroic)

15. 2. Economic Reasons • Industrialization: • Need raw materials • new markets/ opportunities • Cheap Labor • Investment Opportunities

16. 3. Exploratory Reasons • Adventure • Hunting • Exploring • Medical Research • Scientific Research

17. 4. Religious Reasons • Christianize the “savages” • Why did the Europeans think the Africans were savages? • Protect the missionaries • Bring civilization so that the Africans could understand Christianity

18. 5. Ideological Reasons • The belief that the Europeans were superior to other cultures (social Darwinism) • When Europeans arrived and Africans did not want Industrialization, the Europeans assumed it was because the Africans were lesser than the Europeans • Europeans viewed other people as children (Paternalism)

19. Social Darwinism and “White Man’s Burden” • “Social Darwinism” • A Pseudo (fake) science stolen from the ideas of Charles Darwin • Charles Darwin argued that there was a “survival of the fittest” on Earth and some animals were better at adapting than others • Social Darwinism (racist idea) agued that Europeans had advanced technologically—so therefore Europeans were better

20. “White Man’s Burden” • Believed that it was the “White Man’s Burden” to bring “civilization” to the world

21. Take up the White Man's burden— Send forth the best ye breed--Go bind your sons to exile To serve your captives' need; To wait in heavy harness, On fluttered folk and wild--Your new-caught, sullen peoples, Half-devil and half-child. Take up the White Man's burden--In patience to abide, To veil the threat of terror and check the show of pride; By open speech and simple, An hundred times made plain To seek another's profit, and work another's gain. Take up the White Man's burden--And reap his old reward: The blame of those ye better, The hate of those ye guard--The cry of hosts ye humour (Ah, slowly!) toward the light:--"Why brought he us from bondage, Our loved Egyptian night?”

22. Questions from the poem • 1.How does he refer to a Colonist? • 2.What does he think of the intellectual ability of a Colonist? • 3.Why would the people the Imperialists “bettered” blame the Imperialists? • 4.Why would those who are “guarded” by the kind Imperialists be hateful towards them?

23. How? How did the Industrialized countries like England take over other countries around the world?

24. Inventions • Transportation • Trains speed of 35 m.p.h • Steamships

25. Weapons • Maxim Gun, first automatic machine gun • fired hundreds of bullets per minute

26. Communication • Telegraph • Lay wire on sea floor to connect countries

27. Cinchona Medicine • Quinine, protects against malaria • Malaria was called the “White mans’ grave” • People who lived there got sick, which lead to immunity • Quinine does not cure-it is a protection • Made from sap from a tree in S. America

28. Make a chart like this in your notes (full sheet of paper)

29. Africa

30. Fill out Africa Map

31. Africa before Imperialists • Diversity! • over 1,000 languages • Villages AND empires • large Christian, Muslim and Traditionalist religions • Advanced trade systems all across Africa • Advanced farming, tool building and hunting techniques • Guess: What kind of government systems did they have?

32. The West Coast of Africa • Known by Europeans as the “gold” coast • Had over 25 kingdoms/city-states spread throughout the coast • Trade between kingdoms was an important part of the economy • Also had trade agreements with Sudanese in Eastern Africa • Some tribal warfare existed • The Kingdom of Ghana at one time was one of the wealthiest in the world!

33. Europeans enter the scene 1400’s (AD) • They only could build forts on the coasts because of disease and strong African armies • Wanted slaves and refueling stations to reach Asia

34. El Mina Slave Castle

43. Play movie clip European_Imperialism_in_Africa (DHS-Unit 4-Imperialism in Africa) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/9539-when-civilizations-end-european-imperialism-in-africa-video.htm

44. Explorers enter Africa first: Dr. David Livingstone • Goal= bring “Christianity, commerce and civilization” • Took 3 trips into the interior of Africa between 1841-73 • Wrote travel-adventure books • Made Africa into an adventure area

46. Henry Stanley • Newspaper writer sent in to “find” Livingstone • Teamed up with King Leopold II of Belgium to extract resources from the Congo • Originally said their goal was to bring Western Civilization to Africa • Ended up enslaving the Congolese people

47. Describe WHAT happened to these children and WHY you think it happened to them. In your notes respond to this question:

48. Scramble for Africa

50. Scramble for Africa • Started by King Leopold II of Belgium • Conquered the Congo Basin, to “end slave trade” • But…brutally forced Africans to collect wild rubber