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Effect of experience

Effect of experience. Chapter 33. Effect of practice on motor skills. Repeated use of a motor skill establishes a motor pathway Leads to a formation of a ‘motor memory’ Practice improves performance - lack of practice results in skill being ‘rusty’ - (but not forgotten)

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Effect of experience

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  1. Effect of experience Chapter 33

  2. Effect of practice on motor skills • Repeated use of a motor skill establishes a motor pathway • Leads to a formation of a ‘motor memory’ • Practice improves performance • - lack of practice results in skill being ‘rusty’ • - (but not forgotten) • Learning curves illustrate improvement in performance • Eventually a maximum level is reached • – cannot be improved upon • E.g. finger maze

  3. Imitation • Children learn by imitating adults & other children • New tasks often learned quicker by watching & imitating others demonstrating • Easier if demonstration is broken up into opportunities to repeat the task learnt • Social skills & attitudes also learnt by imitation • Can lead to values & traditions being held for life • Many accepted in childhood can be rejected later • Social techniques are learnt best by imitation • - e.g. suitable tone of voice, sympathetic manner • Children often imitate behaviour presented by the media

  4. Learning, motivation, reinforcement • Motivation: • ‘inner drive’ - makes an animal want to participate in learning • Motivating factors – hunger, thirst, sexual drive etc • E.g: hungry & well fed rats in a box • Reinforcement: • process that makes an organism tend to repeat a certain piece of behaviour • Involves a positive response from a particular action • Can be positive or negative • Can also be continuous or intermittent

  5. Superstition Developed by a chance favourable event occurring in response to a piece of behaviour

  6. Shaping, extinction & rewarding • Shaping: • pattern of behaviour obtained by learner from trainer • - reinforcing successive approximations of the desired response • e.g child learning to use knife & fork, dog aiding the blind • Extinction: • disappearance of behaviour pattern due to lack of reinforcement • Intermittent reinforcement more resistant to extinction • Rewarding • – good behaviour reinforced with a ‘reward’ • Unacceptable behaviour goes unrewarded, or even punished

  7. Generalisation & Discrimination • Generalisation: • ability to respond in the same way to different but related stimuli • e.g boy with white rats • Discrimination: • ability to distinguish between different but related stimuli and give different responses • Taught by reinforcing desired response, but not reinforcing wrong response • e.g baby saying ‘mama’ to several adults

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