Energy Optimization

1. Energy Optimization In Commercial Building Utilities By KEHEMS CONSULTANTS PVT. LTD. Village Umrikheda, Indore-Khandwa Road, Indore – 452 020. Ph: 0731-4228333/ 06 Email: kehems@kehems.com www.kehems.com

2. Major Energy Consuming Utilities Air-conditioning (Usually Electrical) Hot water generator (Usually Thermal) Pure Water Generation (Usually Electrical)

3. Classical Utility System Pure Water System Air-conditioning Plant Hot water Boiler Air Conditioning system sized to meet designed peak air-conditioning load Diesel/Gas fired Boiler to meet hot water requirement Pure water/RO system for drinking water

4. Typical Cooling Load Profile

5. Energy Saving Possibilities Shift Cooling Demand To Off Peak Hours Reduce Required chiller Capacity for meeting the peak load Reduce Maximum Electrical Demand and hence corresponding Electrical Installation Switch off Chillers during peak tariff period Generate Pure water through waste heat recovery from Chiller Generate Hot Water upto 60 DegC through waste heat recovery from Chiller

6. Chiller v/s Heat Pump Chiller Mode Heat Pump Mode Air-conditioned Space 700 kW (200 TR) cooling load 700 kW (200 TR) cooling load 140 kW Electrical Input 140 kW Electrical Input 185 kW Electrical Input 1025 kW heat available at 60 Deg C for useful purpose 840 kW heat Rejected through CT/aircooled condenser About 8-12% of heat can be recovered in Chiller mode (i.e. 65-100 kW heat) through desuperheater (Free of Cost ) ~0.1 Carbon credit per hour ~ 720 Carbon Credits/ Year (24hrs x 300 Days) Each 1 kW of net additional electrical input produces about 6 kW of useful heat at 60 DegC. ~0.85 Carbon credit per hour ~ 6120 Carbon Credits/ Year (24hrs x 300 Days)

7. Recovery 50°C 55°C Watercondenser Total HeatRecovery Air cooled or water cooled condenser Liquid Liquid Gas Additionalrefrigerantfluidtank Expansion valve Compressors Evaporator 12°C Chilled water 7°C

8. Recovery 50°C 55°C Desuperheater Partial HeatRecovery Air cooled or water cooled condenser Desuperheated Gas Liquid Gas Additionalrefrigerantfluidtank Expansion valve Compressors Evaporator 12°C Partial heat recovery (Desuperheater) does not require any additional electrical input. It recovers (8-12%) of waste heat free of cost. Chilled water 7°C

9. Hot Water Economics ESTIMATES OF ANNUAL SAVINGS: Diesel cost : Rs. 35 per liter ; Diesel NCV :10100 Kcal/Liter ; Boiler efficiency : 85% CNG Cost : Rs. 29 / M3 ; CNG NCV : 8500 Kcal/M3 ; Boiler efficiency : 85%

10. Thermal Energy Storage System CRISTOPIA STL phase change thermal energy storage offers a unique solution to any of the following energy management problems: • Reduction of installed power • Peak ‘shaving’ or ‘lopping’ of cyclic loads • Optimization of electrical resources. • Increase cooling output to meet higher demand without increasing existing plant capacity. • Energy management (off-peak electricity) • Increase system reliability • Back-up function • Protect ozone area by a limitation of CFC and HCFC

11. Some Possibilities with STL Traditional Solution Peak shaving with chiller switched off during high tariff period Peak shaving Total storage during off peak hours Chiller switched off during high tariff period

12. Multifold Advantages • Flexibility: • In selecting chiller combinations. • In meeting short time unaccounted loads. • System back-up. • Reduced standby requirement Reduced Capital Costs Reduced Energy Costs Small Chiller – Less CFC/ HSFC consumption Smaller Gen set – Less Pollution More Electricity Production during off-peak periods • Reduced Peak Power Demands • Shifting of kWh from day to night • Improved Power Quality

13. Pure Water System

14. Pure Water Generation Economics Representative calculation : Pure Water Output : 1350 Liters/hr Raw Water requirement : Approx 2000 Liters/hr Waste Heat Used : 558 kW Net Electrical Consumption : 10 KW (assuming desuperheater or other free source) Electricity Cost of Pure water generation :Rs. 0.037/ Liter Cost of Raw Water/liter of Pure Water :Rs. 0.15/ Liter Cost of mineralization :Rs. 0.03/Liter TOTAL COST :Rs. 0.21/Liter

15. Recommended System Air Conditioning with STL thermal Energy Storage System and heat recovery for hot water generation and Pure Water Generation Chiller/Heat Pump STL Chilled water Energy for Chiller HotWater Waste Heat Make up water/ Raw Water Purewater Hot Water Storage Tank Pure Water System

16. Air-conditioning with waste heat recovery Air Conditioning Load Meeting + Hot Water Generation + Pure Water Generation Optimized sized Chiller Advantages: • Smaller Chiller Size • Free of cost or low cost hot water generation • Low cost pure water generation • Low maintenance. • No use of oil and gas • No emmission on site • Innovativetechnology • Low or no additionalinvestment • Environmentfriendly • Adaptation of the capacity • according to the needs • “All-in-one” system

17. CASE STUDY Hotels

18. Hotel, Nasik Existing 200 TR air-conditioning system at a 5 star hotel in Nasik was retrofitted with 75 TR Chiller + Thermal Energy Storage to meet air-conditioning load and desuperheater for free hot water generation • Existing Chiller Capacity : 200 TR • Upgraded existing Chiller • Installation with: • 75 TR Screw Chiller with • De-superheater • 262 TR-HR Thermal Energy • Storage System • PHE, Pumps and accessories • for automation • Retrofit cost: 23 Lacs • Pay-back period 20 months • Excess savings shared

19. CASE STUDY IT PARK, Chennai

20. Daily Cooling Load Profile IT Direct Production Storage Charge Storage Discharge

21. Proposed (Installed) System

22. Initial Cost Comparison

23. Annual Operating Cost (Estimates)

24. Actual Installation at IT Park, Chennai

25. Actual Savings Achieved • Maximum Demand Savings actual operation: 1000 kVA / mths x Rs 300 / kVA-Mths = Rs 36,00,000 / year • Energy charges savings estimated (Incl power factor) : Rs. 440,000 / for peak month Rs. 42,24,000/- per year (Applying an averaging factor of 0.8 ) • Other Savings: • Additional savings due to INSTALLATION OF SMALLER TRANSFORMER WITH TES SYTEM. • Transformer losses : About 1% • Losses : 0.01 x 3200 x 0.8 : 25.6 KWH • Savings : 25.6 x 24 x 30 x Rs. 4 / KWH : Rs. 73,728 / month : Rs. 8,84,736 / per year Total Savings per annum : Rs. 87,08,736/- (that too with lesser initial investment)

26. CASE STUDYOffice Building, Mumbai

27. Retrofitting Existing Chillers Air conditioning Chiller Installation : 4x350 TR + 1x200 TR Average chiller operation: 9 AM to 8 PM : 3 x 350 TR 9 PM to 8 AM : 1 x 200 TR Original Installation: Add Thermal Energy Storage System : 4800 TRH Plate Heat Exchangers, piping and accessories ‘The’ Retrofit: Air conditioning Chiller Installation : 4x350 TR + 1x200 TR + 4800 TRH Storage Average chiller operation: 9 AM to 8 PM : 1 x 350 TR + 4800 TRH from Storage 9 PM to 8 AM : 1 x 200 TR + 2 x 350 TR (For Storage Charging) Post Retrofit:

28. Schematic Layout

29. Savings achieved in Maximum Demand Average Reduction in Maximum Demand: 744 kVA Month wise details of “Actual” Maximum Demand Savings

30. RoI and other Benefits • The cost of retrofit was Rs. 1.8 Crores with a payback period of over 5 years. • The retrofit was implemented because: • It helps in reducing the peak hour electricity demands and shifting the same to off peak hours • Reduced peak demand and better plant load factors contribute to lesser Green House Gas emissions. • It helps in generating voluntary carbon credits

31. Monetary benefits & Voluntary Contributions Monetary Benefits Voluntary Contributions • Carbon credit potentially “earned” amounts to voluntary contribution from client towards environment. • Thermal Energy Storage Installation has helped in: • Reducing its peak demand and • Shifting the energy consumption to off peak hours. • Power companies reward off peak consumption through TOD tariff. • Client is benefitted because of reduced energy bills towards air-conditioning • Savings = 8932 kVA * 423 Rs./kVA • = Rs. 3778236/- per annum

32. Voluntary Emission Reduction Average MD savings (in kVA) 744 kVA Saving in Power Plant required Installation (in MW) 0.744 MW Reduction in CO2 produced, considering coal fired power plant for 300 days of operation (.744*24*300) (In Tons/Annum) 5356 Tons/annum Equivalent Carbon Credits 5356 per annum Value of Carbon Credits for 10 years of operation: Rs. 6,15,94,000/- CO2 emission = 1 Ton / MWH 1 Carbon Cedit = USD 25 1 USD = Rs. 46

33. Impact Carbon Credit earning potential: 5356 per year Monetary Value: Value of Carbon Credits for 10 years of plant operation : Rs. 6,15,94,000/- Environmental Impact: One carbon credit is also equivalent to approximately 45 mature trees* for one year. That means using Thermal Energy Storage System for this plant is equivalent to planting 5356 x 45.87 = 2,45,680 Mature Trees !! *The Colorado Tree Coalition claims that a mature tree can absorb CO2 at a rate of 48 lbs. (21.8 kg)/year

34. Savings Guarantee Through Performance Contracting

35. Performance Contracting • Kehems in association with Cristopia provides Turnkey Project Service, with a comprehensive set of Energy Efficiency measures through right sizing/retrofitting current installation, specifically Air-conditioning and Hot water system • We execute projects under Performance Contracting accompanied with guaranteed energy savings with attractive pay-back on investment

36. Roadmap Savings Established Monitoring & Verification Project Implementation Techno-Commercial clearance Design Energy Saving Projects Perform Detailed Study Identify focus area Preliminary Study: Due Diligence

37. Reference List (STL) PUNE:

38. Reference List (STL)

39. Reference List (STL)

40. Reference List (Chillers with Desuperheater) PUNE:

41. Reference List (Chillers with Desuperheater)

42. Reference List (Chillers with Desuperheater)

43. Reference List (Heat Pump) Some of the installations are:

44. Thanks For Your Time