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Biomes

Biomes. Aquatic Biomes. Marine vs. freshwater Marine – saltwater Freshwater – rivers, lakes, etc. Photic zone vs. Aphotic zone Photic zone – light penetrates, higher biodiversity Aphotic zone – light does not penetrate, lower biodiversity. Marine Biomes. Coral Reefs

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Biomes

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  1. Biomes

  2. Aquatic Biomes • Marine vs. freshwater • Marine – saltwater • Freshwater – rivers, lakes, etc. • Photic zone vs. Aphotic zone • Photic zone – light penetrates, higher biodiversity • Aphotic zone – light does not penetrate, lower biodiversity

  3. Marine Biomes • Coral Reefs • Shallow water biomes (photic zone) • Sunlight penetrates, so photosynthesis occurs • Reefs built out of coral skeletons

  4. Marine Biomes • Coral reefs • Plankton makes up base of food chain • Highest biodiversity of any biome • Fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, cnidarians (jellyfish, sea anemones, corals), sea turtles

  5. Marine Biomes • Open ocean • Photic zone: • Sunlight penetrates • Aphotic zone: • No sunlight, crushing pressure, cold temperatures

  6. Marine Biomes • Open ocean • Photic zone: • Plankton serve as base of food chain • Fishes, mammals (whales), many invertebrates • Aphotic zone: • Sinking plankton and dead organisms serve as base of food chain • Deep-sea fishes, squids

  7. Marine Biomes • Estuaries • Where saltwater and freshwater mix (usually where rivers empty into oceans)

  8. Marine Biomes • Estuaries • High biodiversity • Breeding ground/nursery for many animals • Many birds, fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, mammals • Salt-tolerant plants

  9. Freshwater Biomes • Lakes/Ponds • Can be nutrient-filled murky water or nutrient poor clear water • Susceptible to drying up

  10. Freshwater Biomes • Lakes/Ponds • Fishes, mammals, birds, insects • Aquatic plants

  11. Freshwater Biomes • Rivers/Streams • Body of water that flows

  12. Freshwater Biomes • Rivers/Streams • Biodiversity depends on speed of current • Higher biodiversity in slower moving water • Fishes, insects, invertebrates • Plants

  13. Freshwater Biomes • Wetlands • Areas that are flooded by freshwater • Important in flood control • Breeding ground/nursery for many animals • Many plants

  14. Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra • Avg. temp: -26 °C to 12°C • Avg. precip: <25 cm • Miscellaneous: • Long, cold winters with short daylight hours • Short growth period • Lowest biodiversity

  15. Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra • Plant life: • Thin top soil • Permafrost – frozen soil • Small shrubs, grasses, lichens, mosses (shallow roots)

  16. Terrestrial Biomes • Tundra • Animal life: • Caribou, polar bears, mosquitoes, birds, wolves, pika, rabbits, arctic fox

  17. Terrestrial Biomes • Taiga • Avg. temp: -10°C to 14°C • Avg. precip: 35 to 75 cm • Miscellaneous: • Cool rainy summers and long, cold winters • Contains largest trees in the world (redwoods and sequoias)

  18. Terrestrial Biomes • Taiga • Plant life: • Some permafrost • Conifers and evergreens • Freeze tolerant and drought resistant

  19. Terrestrial Biomes • Taiga • Animal life: • Moose, lynx, brown bear, wolf, elk, squirrels, birds

  20. Terrestrial Biomes • Temperate forest • Avg. Temp: 6°C to 28°C • Avg. Precip: 75 to 125 cm • Miscellaneous: • 4 true seasons • 4-6 month growing seasons • Average biodiversity • Hibernating and migratory animals

  21. Terrestrial Biomes • Temperate Forest • Plant life: • deciduous trees (oak, maple) • ferns • flowering plants

  22. Terrestrial Biomes • Temperate Forest • Animal life: • Black bears, raccoons, squirrels, foxes, deer, wild pigs, many song birds

  23. Terrestrial Biomes • Rainforest • Avg. Temp: 20°C to 34°C • Avg. Precip: 200 to 400 cm • Miscellaneous: • Thin topsoil low in nutrients • Hot year round • Extremely moist and humid • Highest biodiversity of terrestrial biomes

  24. Terrestrial Biomes • Rainforest • Plant life: • Contains over 50% of plant species • Lush plant life (trees, grasses, flowering plants)

  25. Terrestrial Biomes • Rainforest • Animal life: • Amphibians, reptiles, monkeys, apes, leopards, many bird species, many insects

  26. Terrestrial Biomes • Grassland • Avg. Temp: 0°C to 25°C • Avg. Precip: 25 to 75 cm • Miscellaneous: • Interior of continents • Thick, nutrient rich topsoil ideal for agriculture

  27. Terrestrial Biomes • Grassland • Plant life: • grasses

  28. Terrestrial Biomes • Grassland • Animal life: • Large grazers (bison, deer, horses, antelope) • Ground-dwelling birds (turkey, pheasant) • Groundhogs, prairie dogs

  29. Terrestrial Biomes • Savanna • Avg. Temp: 16°C to 34°C • Avg. Precip: 75 to 150 cm • Miscellaneous: • Tropical grasslands • Distinct dry and rainy seasons

  30. Terrestrial Biomes • Savanna • Plant life: • Tall grasses, scattered trees

  31. Terrestrial Biomes • Savanna • Animal life: • Large grazers (rhinos, elephants, impala, gazelles, water buffalo, zebras) • Lions, hyenas, ostrich

  32. Terrestrial Biomes • Desert • Avg. Temp: 7°C to 38°C • Avg. Precip: <25 cm • Miscellaneous: • Covers 1/5 of earth • Often located by mountain ranges that block moisture • Moderately low biodiversity • Extreme heat during day and cold during night

  33. Terrestrial Biomes • Desert • Plant life: • Plants that conserve moisture such as succulents and cacti

  34. Terrestrial Biomes • Desert • Animal life: • Reptiles, rodents, birds, coyotes

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