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Egyptian Creation Myths

Egyptian Creation Myths. Isis and Osiris. Key Terms. Horus Isis liminality Mercury mystery religions Nephthys Nut Osiris Pamylia Plutarch Ptah rationalization Re Rhea ritual Seth Shu syncretism Tefnut/Tefenet Thoth Typhon. Amun animals as mythical figures Anubis Artemis

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Egyptian Creation Myths

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  1. Egyptian CreationMyths Isis and Osiris

  2. Key Terms Horus Isis liminality Mercury mystery religions Nephthys Nut Osiris Pamylia Plutarch Ptah rationalization Re Rhea ritual Seth Shu syncretism Tefnut/Tefenet Thoth Typhon Amun animals as mythical figures Anubis Artemis Astarte Atum Book of the Dead Cronus Demeter Dionysus Egyptian centers of learning and worship Ennead Geb Gnosticism Harpocrates Hathor Heliopolis Heracles Hermes Painted papyrus depicting Shu, the air god, raising his daughter Nut, the sky goddess, above her brother Geb, the earth god, thus creating the world).

  3. World of Ancient Egypt

  4. Timeline of Ancient Egypt c. 4500-3000 Predynastic Period c. 3100-2890 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 1 c. 2890-2686 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 2 c. 2686-2613 Early Dynastic: Dynasty 3 c. 2613-2494 Old Kingdom Dynasty 4 c. 2494-2345 Old Kingdom Dynasty 5 c. 2345-2181 Old Kingdom Dynasty 6 c. 2181-2125 Old Kingdom Dynasties 7 & 8 c. 2125-2025 First Intermediate Period: Dynasties 9-11 c. 2025-1700 Middle Kingdom Dynasties 11-13 c. 1700-1550 Second Intermediate Period Dynasty 13-17 c. 1550-1295 New Kingdom Dynasty 18 c. 1295-1186 New Kingdom Dynasty 19 c. 1186-1069 New Kingdom Dynasty 20 c. 1069-945   Third Intermediate Period Dynasty 21 c. 945-727     Third Intermediate Period Dynasties 22-23 c. 727-332     Late Period Dynasties 24-30 and Persian Occupation     332-30       Ptolemaic Period     30 BC - 330 AD Roman Period     330 AD - 641 Byzantine Period

  5. Theriomorphism: Manifestation of some aspect of the god’s power E.g., Hathor as cow. Cow as symbol of fertility.

  6. Mythology, Religion and Kingship in Egypt Official state religion King as priest: Pharaoh as Horus or son of Re and, after death, Osiris The pharaoh Chephren with Horus. (The statue originally stood with twenty-two other royal figures as centerpiece of the statue cult in the king's valley temple, Giza. Fourth Dynasty circa 2550 BC. )

  7. Tutankhamun as Osiris ( Dynasty XVIII tomb painting, from the north wall of the tomb of Tutankhamun, Valley of the Kings).

  8. Afterlife Illustration from the Book of the Dead (shows deceased being led to judgment by jackal- headed god Anubis, where his heart is weighed against a feather, symbol of truth, in the presence of Thoth, ibis- headed god of wisdom who wears the wide sash of a priest; he notes the results of the weighing. Then, the deceased is led to the supreme judge of the dead and ruler of the underworld, Osiris, who is shown enthroned with attendants. From Thebes. Painted papyrus from the Nineteenth Dynasty ca. 1285 B.C. )

  9. Religious/Cult Centersof Ancient Egypt MEMPHIS HELIOPOLIS HERMOPOLIS THEBES

  10. MEMPHIS Menes (Narmer) unites Upper and Lower Egypt with capital at Memphis. c.3100 B.C. Narmer palette Metropolitan Museum of Art New York

  11. Ptah, Creator god of Memphis Temple of Denderah.This engraving represents a pharaoh making offerings to the god Ptah and to the goddess Sekhmet, his wife.

  12. Temple of Ptah and Sekhmetat Memphis

  13. Shabaka Stone He (Ptah) gave birth to the gods,He made the towns,He established the nomes,He placed the gods in their shrines,He settled their offerings,He established their shrines,He made their bodies according to their wishes.Thus the gods entered into their bodies,Of every wood, every stone, every clay,Every thing that grows upon himIn which they came to be.Thus were gathered to him all the gods and their kas,Content, united with the Lord of the Two Lands. Shabaka (712-698 B.C.), the first Ethiopian born pharaoh On the Shabaka Stone: http://maat.sophiatopia.org/shabaka.htm Translation: http://www.touregypt.net/shabakastone.htm

  14. Memphis Creation Mythc. 2900 B.C. political goal: 1.) to celebrate Ptah, the local god of Memphis 2.) unification of Two Egypts Ptah in primaeval water comes to Heliopolis and calls it Memphis act of creation = Ptah desires himself eight other gods = Ogdoad

  15. Heliopolis (Modern Cairo) Dominant city of the Old Kingdom Synthesis of Creation story of Atum and the story of Osiris The oldest surviving obelisk in the world, c.2000 B.C.

  16. Heliopolitan Ennead Seven of nine members of the Heliopolitan Ennead, as represented in the judgment scene on the Papyrus of Ani. From right to left: Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut and sitting next to each other, Isis and Nephthys. Other members of the Ennead include Osiris, Seth, Horus and Thot. From Heliopolis: Nun (watery chaos) Atum (sun) Shu (air) Tefnut (moisture) Geb (Earth) Nut (sky) Osiris, Isis, Seth, Nephthys

  17. Shu and Nut Painted papyrus depicting Shu, the air god, raising his daughter Nut, the sky goddess, above her brother Geb, the earth god, thus creating the world.

  18. Hermopolis Administrative center of Middle Kindgom The City of Thoth, the scribe of the gods Located in Middle Egypt Thoth

  19. Hermopolis Ogdoad From Hermopolis: Deities representing the four characteristics of Chaos: Nun and Naunet (primordial water) Heh and Hehet (infinite space) Kek and Keket (darkness) Amun and Amunet (invisibility). Geese representing theOgdoad of Hermopolis and Thoth.

  20. Thebes Capital of Egypt after the First Intermediate Period (2040 B.C.) All gods are projections of Amun (“The Hidden One”)

  21. Creation of the Worldaccording to Heliopolis Development of the Ennead Birth of Isis and Osiris Death and Resurrection of Osiris

  22. The Ennead Cyclical Struggle: Osiris (Underworld) and Seth (Chaos) Prominence of Horus (King of Egypt)

  23. Sources Pyramid Texts, as early as 2375-2345 B.C.) Coffin Texts

  24. Coffin Text Creation via masturbation Atum spit me [Shu] out

  25. Pyramid Text Hymn to Osiris Coffin as Geb (Earth) Lid as Nut (Sky) Nut on a coffin lid

  26. Plutarch’s Isis and Osiris Note SYNCRETISM Cronus = Nut Rhea = Geb Osiris = Dionysus Typhon = Seth Castration of Uranus = Loss of Osiris’ Penis The Birth of Isis and Osiris The Rivalry of Seth and Horus Wanderings of isis Isis Finds the Coffin of Osiris The Reawakening of Osiris http://www.philae.nu/philae/IsisOsiris.html Isis suckling the Horus-Childin the papyrus swamps.

  27. The Resurrection of Osiris Ritual of Osiris Flooding of the Nile Rebirth of Egypt The Osiris Mysteries as portrayed in the Temple of Isis at Philae.(images After H. Rosellini, Monumenti dell'Egitto e della Nubia, Vol. III (Pisa, 1844), Pl. XXIII.)

  28. Isis’ Quest for Osiris

  29. Greco-Roman Isis Temple of Isis at Pompeii

  30. Ritual of Isis Sistrum (rattle)

  31. Key Terms Horus Isis liminality Mercury mystery religions Nephthys Nut Osiris Pamylia Plutarch Ptah rationalization Re Rhea ritual Seth Shu syncretism Tefnut/Tefenet Thoth Typhon Amun animals as mythical figures Anubis Artemis Astarte Atum Book of the Dead Cronus Demeter Dionysus Egyptian centers of learning and worship Ennead Geb Gnosticism Harpocrates Hathor Heliopolis Heracles Hermes ADD: Memphis Heliopolitan Ennead Hemopolis Ogdoad Menes/Narmer Apuleius’ Golden Ass Coffin Texts Pyramid Texts Joseph Campbell Hero Quest Claude Levi-Strauss Structuralism Mediating contradictions Lord Raglan Hero Pattern

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