General Overview

1. General Overview by Dr. Barbara B. Tillett Chief, Policy and Standards Division Library of Congress For Texas Library Association Conference April 12, 2011

2. Overview Influences on RDA Changing environment Why not AACR3? RDA goals and structure Examples of changes 2

3. Influences Anglo-American cataloging tradition Paris Principles ISBD FRBR/FRAD Internet Toronto Conference 1997 IME ICC  ICP Web environment collaborations 3

4. Influences Panizzi – 1841 (“91 rules”) • Not just finding list/inventory • Full and complete data • Collocation by authors • References

5. Objects: Find author, title, subject Show given author, given subject, kind of literature Assist in choice edition, literary of topical character Influences – Cutter(1876-1904 eds.)

6. IFLA’s Influence onCataloguing Codes 1961 “Paris Principles” (influenced by Lubetzky and Verona)

7. International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) - 2009 Principles & Glossary 20 languages http://www.ifla.org/en/publications/statement-of-international-cataloguing-principles 7

8. Anglo-American Tradition 1941 1841 1876 1902 1904 1906 1908 1949 1967

9. More of IFLA’s Influence 1969 – ISBDs • International Standard Bibliographic Description • 2007 Consolidated edition 8

10. AACR2 1978 1988 1998 2002

11. FRBR • IFLA’s Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) • User tasks • Find • Identify • Select • Obtain • Entities, Relationships, Attributes • Mandatory elements for a national level bibliographic record

12. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Entities Relationships Attributes (data elements) User tasks National level required elements relationship One Entity Another Entity 12

13. FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model Person Work created was created by Shakespeare Hamlet 13

14. FRBR Entities Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item 14

15. Group 1 Work is realized through Expression is embodied in Manifestation recursive is exemplified by one Item many 15

16. Elements to Describe Resources Work ID Title Date etc. Expression ID Form Date Language etc. Manifestation ID Title Statement of responsibility Edition Imprint (place, publisher, date) Form/extent of carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc. Item ID Provenance Location etc. 16

17. Relationships Inherent among the Group 1 entities Content relationships among works/expressions Structural relationships Work Expression Manifestation Item Whole-Part Sequential Derivative Accompanying 17

18. FRBR Entities Group 2:Those responsible for Group 1 entities intellectual or artistic creation realization of works production/publishing/ distribution/manufacture custodial responsibility, Or are the subject of works • Person • Corporate body • Family 21

19. Person Family Corporate Body Group 2 Work FRBR Expression Manifestation Item is owned by is produced by is realized by is created by many 22

20. FRBR Entities Group 3:Subjects of works • Groups 1 & 2 plus • Concept • Object • Event • Place 20

21. Work Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Concept Object Event Place Group 3 Work has as subject FRBR Family has as subject has as subject many 21

22. “User Tasks” - FRBR Find (locate and collocate) Identify Select Obtain Relate/Navigate 22

23. Functional Requirements for Authority Data (FRAD) June 2009 Extends the FRBR model to authority data (Still to come is FRSAD on subject authority data) 27

24. British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog) ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas. Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same. Ital. Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres. Venetia, 1592. 4o 24

25. British Museum 1841(“full and accurate” book catalog) Person Work Expression Manifestation Item ACOSTA (CHRISTOVAL). Tractado de las drogas, y medicinas de las Indias Orientales, con sus plantas.Burgos, 1578. 4o Another copy. The same.Ital.Venetia, 1585. 4o Another copy. Tractado en loor de las mugeres.Venetia, 1592. 4o 25

26. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 26

27. Person Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Work 27

28. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. Expression LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 28

29. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. Manifestation LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms 29

30. Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet. French. LC Control No. : 47023612 LCCN Permalink : http://lccn.loc.gov/47023612 Type of Material : Book (Print, Microform, Electronic, etc.) Personal Name : Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Main Title : ... Hamlet, traduit par André Gide. Published/Created : [Paris] Gallimard [1946] Description : 2 p. l., 7-237, [2] p. 17 cm. CALL NUMBER : PR2779.H3 G5Copy 1 -- Request in : Jefferson or Adams Bldg General or Area Studies Reading Rms Item 30

31. Collocation Cervantes Objectives of a catalog: display Don Quixote • All the works associated with aperson, etc. • All the expressions of the same work • All the manifestations of the same expression • All items/copies of the same manifestation Exemplary novels English Text French German Spanish Madrid, 1979 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding 31

32. Relationships Pathways to Related Works Cervantes Author of Wasserman Author of Derivative works Don Quixote The Man of La Mancha Exemplary novels English Text French Movies … German Spanish Subject Madrid, 1979 Library of Congress Copy 1 Green leather binding 32

33. FRBR Benefits • For Librarians • Collocation • Better organization to catalog • Easier cataloging • Reduction in cataloging load • Work only cataloged once for all expressions under it • Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it • Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same

34. FRBR Benefits • Greater Benefits For Users • Collocation • Easier to find information • Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged in different languages or different subject headings • Easier to see the different expressions of a single work • Gives a better global picture • Easier to find all manifestations

35. FRBR Benefits • Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level

36. Internet • Catalogs are no longer the end points in isolation • Global access to data • Integrate bibliographic data with wider Internet environment • Share data beyond institutions

37. Internet “Cloud” Databases, Repositories Services VIAF LCSH Web front end 37

38. Current Cataloging Environment • Web-based • Wide range of information carriers • complexity of content • Metadata (bibliographic information) • Created by a wider range of personnel in and outside libraries • Element-based metadata schemas • Dublin Core, ONIX, etc. 38

39. What’s wrong with AACR? • Increasingly complex • Lack of logical structure • Mixing content and carrier data • Hierarchical relationships missing • Anglo-American centric viewpoint • Written before FRBR • Not enough support for collocation • Before Internet and well-formed metadata Based on slide from Ann Chapman, UKOLN

40. Toronto, Canada JSC invited worldwide experts Issues leading to RDA Principles Content vs. carrier Logical structure of AACR Seriality Internationalization 1997 International Conference on the Principles and Future Development of AACR 40

41. AACR3

42. IFLA - Principles, Conceptual models, ISBD/ISSN ONIX (Publishers) – types of content, media, carriers Dublin Core, IEEE/LOM, Semantic Web, W3C “Data Modeling Meeting” - London 2007 RDA/MARC Working Group (MARBI) JSC Collaborations with other Metadata Communities

43. Other Collaborations Law Library community Treaties Hebraica and Religion Teams at LC Bible proposals Mss/Archives experts at LC (Mss. Div., NUCMC, American Folklife Center, Rare Books) DACS Music Div and Motion Picture, Broadcasting and Recorded Sound Div., MLA AMIM2 and Ch.6 proposals for music Prints & Photographs Division CCO Geography and Maps Divisions at LC

45. GOALS: RDA will be … • A new standard for resource description and access • Designed for the digitalworld • Optimized for use as an online product • Description and access of all resources • All types of content and media • Resulting records usable in the digital environment (Internet, Web OPACs, etc.) 45

46. RDA – The Goals Rules should be easy to use and interpret Be applicable to an online, networked environment Provide effective bibliographic control for all types of media Encourage use beyond the library community Be compatible with other similar standards Have a logical structure based on internationally agreed principles Separate content and carrier data Examples – more of them, more appropriate slide Ann Chapman, UKOLN

48. RDA Structure General introduction Identifying (Entities and their attributes) Manifestations and Items Works and Expressions Persons, Corporate Bodies, Families, etc. Relationships Appendices Capitalization, Abbreviations, Initial articles, etc. Presentation (ISBD, MARC, etc.) Relationship designators Etc. Glossary Index

49. General Principles (ICP) • Consistency and Standardization • Integration • Defensible, not arbitrary • If contradict, take a defensible, practical solution. • Convenience of user • Representation • Common usage • Accuracy • Sufficiency and necessity • Significance • Economy

50. Transcription – Principle of Representation in RDA “Take what you see” Correction of inaccuracies elsewhere No more abbreviating Accept what you get Facilitating automated data capture 50