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Rise and Fall of Roman Empire: From Republic to Empire

Explore the transition from a chaotic republic to a powerful empire in ancient Rome. Learn about key figures like Caesar and Augustus, their reforms, conflicts, and the dawn of Pax Romana. Discover the political intrigue and social changes that shaped Roman history.

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Rise and Fall of Roman Empire: From Republic to Empire

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  1. From Republic to Empire!!! Mrs. Baum’s Social Studies Classes Friday, August 17, 2018

  2. Disorder in the Republic • Problems were mounting • The poor were rioting • The rich were waging war with each other • Immigrants were moving into the city • Who can fix this??? • Cicero – a philosopher • Tried to get the upperclass Romans to work together • Wanted to limit the power of the Generals • Wanted to restore checks and balance system

  3. Julius Caesar • Roman General • Army loved him • Conquered nearly all of Gaul • Was a gifted speaker • Ruled Rome with his two friends • Pompey • Crassus

  4. The Beginning of an Empire • Julius Caesar became too popular • Pompey had the Senate order Caesar to give up his army • Caesar said no • Caesar marched back to Rome • This was illegal • Caesar won the war and declared himself dictator

  5. Caesar’s Reforms • He granted citizenship to several conquered people • He expanded the Senate • Added many friends and allies • Created jobs for the poor • Started colonies where poor could own land • Increased pay for soldiers • Invented a new calendar

  6. The End of Caesar • Caesar was getting more and more popular • This worried many of Rome’s wealthy

  7. The End of Caesar • Caesar was getting more and more popular • This worried many of Rome’s wealthy • They needed to end his reign • On March 15th 44B.C. Julius Caesar was stabbed to death in the Senate Chamber • “Et tu Brute”

  8. Those Two Guys!!! • Caesar’s assassination left a void in leadership • Two men emerged • Marc Antony (Caesar’s friend and assistant) • Octavian (Caesar’s adopted son)

  9. Those Two Guys!!! • Both men sought to punish those that had killed Caesar • They had the crowds on their side too • Both led an army to find the killers • Found most of them in a city called Philippi • Killed most of them • The rest committed suicide

  10. The Feud!!! • Octavian and Antony went their separate ways • Octavian to Italy • Antony went East to fight • Family problems • Antony had married Octavian’s sister • Eight years later he divorced her to marry Cleopatra • Octavian was insulted by the divorce

  11. Family Honor Restored • Octavian sent his army to find and kill Antony • They met in Greece where Antony lost • He escaped to Egypt • Committed suicide with Cleopatra

  12. The First Emperor • After Antony’s death Octavian became sole ruler of Rome • Took the title Princeps (first citizen) • Changed his name to Augustus (revered one) • And thus the Republic dies!!!

  13. Pax Romana • Augustus ushered in this unprecedented period of peace • The Pax Romana (Roman Peace) • Lasted 207 years • During this time Rome grew to include most of the known world • 60-80 million people • 1 million people in the city of Rome

  14. Augustus’ Government • Considered the best emperor of Rome • Stabilized the frontier • Built buildings that glorified Rome • Helped create the government system that would last for centuries • Set up the Civil Service • Plebeians who oversaw the everyday affairs of the government

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