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November 17 th , 2011

November 17 th , 2011. The Passive Voice of the 1 st and 2 nd Conjugations; Ablative of Agent; Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives. The Passive Voice: General Remarks. Verbs have two voices in Latin: The Active and The Passive.

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November 17 th , 2011

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  1. November 17th, 2011 The Passive Voice of the 1st and 2nd Conjugations; Ablative of Agent; Interrogative Pronouns and Adjectives.

  2. The Passive Voice:General Remarks • Verbs have two voices in Latin: The Active and The Passive. • Already familiar with Active Voice – The subject of a sentence is the doer of the action. (i.e. The senators killed Caesar). • In the Passive Voice the subject of the passive verb is the receiver of the action of the verb (i.e. Caesar was killed by the senators). • Passive verbs characterized by a specific morphology that must be memorized.

  3. Present Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  4. Conjugate Removeo, Removere(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare(Attack) in the Present Indicative Passive

  5. Imperfect Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  6. Conjugate Removeo, Removere(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare(Attack) in the Imperfect Indicative Passive

  7. Future Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  8. Conjugate Removeo, Removere(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare(Attack) in the Future Indicative Passive

  9. Indicative Passive of the 1st and 2nd Conjugations in the Perfect System • The present system (i.e. Present, Future, Imperfect = Present stem + passive endings. • The perfect system (i.e. Perfect, Pluperfect, Future Perfect) = 4th Principal Part + Appropriate form of “Sum” (to be). • Amo, Amare, Amavi, Amatus (a,um). • Teneo, Tenere, Tenui, Tentus (a, um). • 4th Principal part must agree with the subject of the verb in gender and number.

  10. Perfect Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  11. Conjugate Removeo, Removere, Removi, Remotus(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare, Oppugnavi, Oppugnatus(Attack) in the Perfect Indicative Passive

  12. Pluperfect Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  13. Conjugate Removeo, Removere, Removi, Remotus(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare, Oppugnavi, Oppugnatus(Attack) in the Pluperfect Indicative Passive

  14. Future Perfect Passive of Amo, Amareand Teneo, Tenere

  15. Conjugate Removeo, Removere, Removi, Remotus(Remove) and Oppugno, Oppugnare, Oppugnavi, Oppugnatus(Attack) in the Future Perfect Indicative Passive

  16. Passive Infinitive • Simply take the present active infinitive and replace the final “e” with “i”. • Amare (to love) – Amari (to be loved). • Tenere (to hold) – Teneri (to be held).

  17. Ablative of Agent • The personal agent by whom the action of a passive verb is performed indicated by the preposition ab (by) + the ablative. • Caesar abhostibussuisoppugnatusest – “Caesar was attacked by his enemies.” • Very little difficulty in recognizing ablative of agent.

  18. Interrogative Pronoun • Interrogative pronouns indicate a question, usually of identification (i.e. who, what?). • Who is that man? • What are you thinking? • As pronouns they decline according to gender, number, and case. • Decline exactly like relative pronouns with a few exceptions: 1. Distinct nominative, singular forms. 2. Masc and Fem singular identical. • Cf. Wheelock, p. 124. • Note: Because relatives and interrogatives look the same, context will tell you which one you are looking at.

  19. Interrogative Adjective • Interrogative adjectives ask for further information about a specific person or thing. • i.e. Whose car are you driving? • i.e. To what woman did you write this poem? • As adjectives they agree with the noun they modify in gender, number, and case. • Forms identical to the relative pronoun so context is important. • Tips: 1. Question mark. 2. Presence of an antecedent indicates a relative pronoun. 3. Presence of a noun that agrees in gender, number, and case indicates an interrogative adjective. • Cf. Wheelock, p. 125.

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