Development of Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Detectors

1. Development of Superconducting Magnets for Particle Accelerators and Detectors in High Energy Physics Takakazu Shintomi and Akira Yamamoto On behalf of US-Japan collaboration carried out with KEK, University of Tsukuba (Japan) and FNAL, BNL, LBNL (USA) US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

2. Progress and Achievement US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

3. Objective • To develop superconducting magnets for high energy accelerators and particle detectors • The program was performed between KEK and BNL, FNAL and LBNL since 1981 to present • Development of superconducting accelerator and detector magnets • Development of superconducting wires • And succeeded to further programs US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

4. Development of Superconducting Magnets • High field magnets with Nb-Ti wire • 10 tesla dipole reached to Bm = 10.4 tesla (left) • SSC dipole: 5 cm ID, 6.6 tesla, 13 m long • High field magnets with Nb3Sn wire • W&R race track coil: 800 mm long • Double shell dipole: 600 mm long, 132 mm ID (right) • Al stabilized SC coil, and inflector magnet for g-2 at BNL Nb3Sn dipole US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium 10 T dipole

5. g-2 Experiment at BNL • Contribution to very high • precision magnetic field in • main muon storage ring: • SC coil, Iron pole piece, • and SC inflector Cross-Section View of Storage Ring Ring SC Coil Yoke of Dipole Ring Magnet Toroidal Field Dipole Field B = 1.5 T B = 0 SC Coil m Storage Ring Orbit Inflector m Injection Orbit SC Lamination US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

6. SSC Dipole Magnet R&D • Developed eleven 1 m model dipoles • Successfully tested • Developed one 13 m full size dipole • Successfully tested and reached 6.6 tesla nominal magnetic field US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

7. Successive Programs in 2nd Stage • The program for the LHC insertion region quadrupole (IRQ) magnet started in 1995, and was completed successfully in 2006 • The technologies achieved were succeeded to superconducting magnets for KEK-B IRQ, and the J-PARC neutrino beam line • Also, these technologies have been succeeded to magnet development for the LHC luminosity upgrade, high intensity muon beam, and so on US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

8. Collaboration with CERN for LHC-IRQ • The collaboration for LHC Insertion Region Quadrupole (IRQ) magnets started in 1995 and was successfully completed in 2006 by collaboration with KEK, FNAL and CERN • Sixteen IRQ magnets plus four spares were fabricated • KEK designed and developed technologies which were transferred to an industry • KEK tested all the quads and they satisfied the LHC-IRQ requirements • The magnets were assembled into cryostat at FNAL and delivered to CERN on schedule US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

9. LHC-IRQ • G = 215 T/m, Aperture = 70 mm, B ~ 9 T • L= 5.5 m (FNAL) or 6.37 m (KEK) • Higher Order Multipoles < 1 unit (10-4) • Beam Heating: 5 ~ 10 W/m TASB Q3 Q2 Q1 FNAL KEK KEK DFBX MQXA MQXB MQXB MQXA IP 6.37 5.5 5.5 6.37 2.985 2.715 1.0 MCSOX a3 a4 b4 MCBXA MCBXH/V b3 b6 MQSX MCBX MCBXH/V MCBX MCBXH/V US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

10. LHC-IRQ Production • Production was on schedule in just 3years US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

11. LHC-IRQ Performance Test • 1.9 K: • Training quench  230 T/m (~ 9 T) • Full energy dump @215 T/m • Fast ramp test @150 A/s • Field measurement • To reach 220 T/m w/o quench • Electrical insulation test 1.5 kV @ 4.2 K He-gas US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

12. LHC-IRQ Quench History Quench history is one of the most important characteristics with field quality Warm bore tube for field measurement attached to the coil and coil temperature increased US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

13. Summary • The program for development of superconducting magnets for high energy accelerators and particle detectors was successful and various technologies have been achieved • The technologies developed by the Japan-US Collaboration Program were succeeded to the Japan-CERN collaboration for LHC-IRQ • The successive programs such as the J-PARC neutrino beam line magnet stand on these technologies • The future programs for superconducting magnet development such as the LHC upgrade are important for high energy physics • The successful development of these programs is owing to the collaboration with industries US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

14. Appendices US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

15. Development of Superconducting Wires • Development of Nb-Ti wire with industry • Development of Nb-Ti (Ta) wire • Development of Nb3Sn wire for high field magnet beyond 10 tesla • The effort has been succeeded to develop Nb3Al wire for higher field magnet Ni-Ti wire US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium

16. LHC-IRQ Field Quality Allowance US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium Coil oval deformation

17. LHC-IRQ ① ④ ③ ⑤ ② US-Japan HEP Collaboration 30th Anniversary Symposium Production ①, ② ☞ Test ③ ☞ Assembly ④ ☞ Installation ⑤