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ANTE TODO

ANTE TODO Indefinite words refer to people and things that are not specific, for example, someone or something . Negative words deny the existence of people and things or contradict statements, for instance, no one or nothing .

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ANTE TODO

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  1. ANTE TODO • Indefinite words refer to people and things that are not specific, for example, someone or something. • Negative words deny the existence of people and things or contradict statements, for instance, no one or nothing. • As the chart on the next slide shows, Spanish indefinite words have corresponding negative words, which are opposite in meaning.

  2. Negative words Indefinite words

  3. There are two ways to form negative sentences in Spanish: 1) You can place the negative word before the verb, or 2) you can place no before the verb and the negative word after the verb. Nadie se levanta temprano. No se levanta nadie temprano. No one gets up early. No one gets up early. Ellos nunca se enojan. Ellos no se enojan nunca. They never get angry. They never get angry.

  4. ¡ATENCIÓN! • Before a masculine singular noun, alguno and ninguno are shortened to algún and ningún. —¿Tienen ustedes algún amigo peruano? —No, no tenemos ningún amigo peruano. • Alguno/a, algunos/as are not always used in the same way English uses some or any. Often, algún is used where a would be used in English. ¿Tienes algún libro que hable de los incas? Do you have a book that talks about the Incas?

  5. Because they refer to people, alguien and nadie are often used with the personal a. The personal a is also used before alguno/a, algunos/as, and ninguno/a when these words refer to people and they are the direct object of the verb. —Perdón, señor, ¿busca usted a alguien? —No, gracias, señorita, no busco a nadie. —Tomás, ¿buscas a alguno de tus hermanos? —No, mamá, no busco a ninguno.

  6. COMPARE & CONTRAST • In English, it is incorrect to use more than one negative word in a sentence. In Spanish, however, sentences frequently contain two or more negative words. Compare the following Spanish and English sentences. Nunca le escribo a nadie. I never write to anyone. No me preocupo por nada nunca. I do not ever worry about anything.

  7. COMPARE & CONTRAST • As the preceding sentences show, once an English sentence contains one negative word (for example, not or never), no other negative word may be used. Instead, indefinite (or affirmative) words are used. • In Spanish, however, once a sentence is negative, no other affirmative (that is, indefinite) word may be used. Instead, all indefinite ideas must be expressed in the negative.

  8. Although in Spanish pero and sino both mean but, they are not interchangeable. • Sino is used when the first part of a sentence is negative and the second part contradicts it. In this context, sino means but rather or on the contrary. • In all other cases, pero is used to mean but. Los estudiantes no se acuestan temprano sino tarde. The students don’t go to bed early, but rather late. Las toallas son caras, pero bonitas. The towels are expensive, but beautiful. María no habla francés, sino español. María doesn’t speak French, but rather Spanish. José es inteligente, pero no saca buenas notas. José is intelligent but he doesn’t get good grades.

  9. ¡INTÉNTALO!Cambia las siguientes frases para que sean negativas. • Siempre se viste bien. ____se viste bien. ____se viste bien ____. 2. Alguien se ducha. ____se ducha. ____ se ducha ____. 3. Ellas van también. Ellas ____ van. Ellas ____ van ____. 1 of 4

  10. ¡INTÉNTALO!Cambia las siguientes frases para que sean negativas. 4. Alguien se pone nervioso. ____ se pone nervioso. ____ se pone nervioso ____ . 5. Tú siempre te lavas las manos. Tú ____ te lavas las manos. Tú ____ te lavas las manos ____ . 6. Voy a traer algo. ____ voy a traer ____ . 2 of 4

  11. ¡INTÉNTALO!Cambia las siguientes frases para que sean negativas. 7. Juan se afeita también. Juan ____ se afeita. Juan ____ se afeita ____. 8. Mis amigos viven en una residencia o en casa. Mis amigos ____ viven ____ en una residencia ____ en casa. 9. La profesora hace algo en su escritorio. La profesora ____ hace ____ en su escritorio. 3 of 4

  12. ¡INTÉNTALO!Cambia las siguientes frases para que sean negativas. 10. Tú y yo vamos al mercado. ____ tú ____ yo vamos al mercado. 11. Tienen un espejo en su casa. ____ tienen ____ espejo en su casa. 12. Algunos niños se ponen el abrigo. ____ niño se pone el abrigo. 4 of 4

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