1 / 5

Tourette Syndrome (TS)

Tourette Syndrome (TS). TS is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by involuntary motor movements and vocalizations called Tics 1 Tics are rapid, repetitive, and stereotyped movements or vocalizations The quantity and complexity of the tics fluctuate over time

tabb
Download Presentation

Tourette Syndrome (TS)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Tourette Syndrome (TS) • TS is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by involuntary motor movements and vocalizations called Tics1 • Tics are rapid, repetitive, and stereotyped movements or vocalizations • The quantity and complexity of the tics fluctuate over time • TS is a chronic condition that is frequently associated with difficulties in self-esteem, school performance, social acceptance, and family life. • TS is chronic and usually emerges between ages 2 to 15 (~50% affected by age 7) 1-2 • TS is more common in males than females by a ratio of about 5 to 1. 1-2 • TS is not a rare disorder, with the number of children affected estimated to be 7 in 1000. 1-2

  2. Other Characteristics of TS Other symptoms associated with TS: 3-4 speech and conduct problems mood instability, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms impulsivity, distractibility, motor hyperactivity, learning problems Common Co-morbidities: ADHD (55%)5 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) (20-60%)6-8 Referred to as ‘TS-plus’ More severe tics, higher the psychiatric co-morbidity Neuropsychological deficits9

  3. Causes of TS Serotonogic & dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems1 Tics and comorbidities improve with use of SSRIs and dopamine-receptor blockers TS has been linked to disruption of brain areas:1,10,11 Frontal areas basal ganglia Caudate Genetics plays a role1 Relatives have higher rates of Tics, OCD, and ADHD High concordance rate in monozygotic twins

  4. Prognosis Tics peak between 8 and 12 years12 Most Tics are gone by adulthood (only 20% still have significant Tics in adulthood)12 Treatment:1 Medications Behavior Therapy Counseling Cognitive therapy Relaxation theory Awareness and assertiveness training Habit reversal training

  5. References • Kenney C, Kuo S, Jimenez-Shahed J. Tourette's Syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:651-658. • Hirtz D, Thurman D, Gwinn-Hardy K, Mohamed M, Chaudhuri A, Zalutsky R. How common are the "Common" Neurologic disorders? Neurology. 2007;68:326-337. • Lekman J, Yeh C, Lombroso P. Neurobiology of tic disorders, including Tourette's Syndrome. Pediatric Psychopharmacology: Oxford University Press. 2003;164-174. • Shapiro A, Shapiro E, Young J, Feinberg T, eds. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome, 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press;1988. • Freeman R. Tic disorders and ADHD: Answers from a world-wide clinical dataset on Tourette Syndrome. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007;16(Suppl 1):15-23. • Apter A, Pauls D, Bleich A, et al. An epidemiologic study of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome in Israel. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1993;50:734-738. • Cath D, Spinhoven P, van Woerkom T, et al. Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome with and without obsessive-compulsive disorder compared with obsessive-compulsive disorder without tics: Which symptoms discriminate? J Nerv Ment Dis. 2001;189:219-228. • Pitman R, Green R, Jenike M, Mesulam M. Clinical comparison of Tourette's disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1987;144:1166-1171. • Bornstein R, King G, Carroll A. Neuropsychological abnormalities in Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1983;171:497-502. • Robertson M. Tourette Syndrome, associated conditions and the complexities of treatment. Brain. 2000;123(Pt 3):425-462. • Mink JW. Neurobiology of basal ganglia circuits in Tourette Syndrome: Faulty inhibition of unwanted motor patterns? Adv Neurol. 2001;85:113-122. • Leckman, JF., Bloch, M., Scahill, L., & King, R. (2006). Tourette Syndrome: The self under siege, Journal of Child Neurology, 21.

More Related