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Ovine and Caprine Husbandry: restraint and breed Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD MPH

Chapter 14 - 1. Ovine and Caprine Husbandry: restraint and breed Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD MPH. Objectives. Zoological classification of the species. Terminology associated with the species. Physiological data for the species Prominent anatomical or physiological properties of the species.

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Ovine and Caprine Husbandry: restraint and breed Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD MPH

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  1. Chapter 14 - 1 Ovine and Caprine Husbandry: restraint and breed Dr. Dipa Brahmbhatt VMD MPH

  2. Objectives Zoological classification of the species. Terminology associated with the species. Physiological data for the species Prominent anatomical or physiological properties of the species. ID and describe characteristics of common breeds. ID and know the uses of common instruments relevant to the species. Normal living environments and husbandry needs of the species. reproductive practices of the species. Specific nutritional requirements of the species.

  3. Reading Assignment Chapter 14: Ovine and Caprine Husbandry and small ruminants terminology

  4. Zoological Classification of Sheep and Goats • Kingdom: Animal • Phylum: Chordata • Class: Mammalia • Order : Artiodactyla • Family: Bovidae • Genus and species • Ovis Aries • Capra Hircus

  5. Terminology for Sheep Ewe: Adult female Ram: Adult male Wether: Castrated male Yearling ewe: Immature female Lamb: Neonate Wether lamb: Castrated neonate Ram lamb: Intact male neonate Ewe lamb: Female lamb Lambing: Act of parturition

  6. Terminology for Goats Doe/nanny: Mature female Buck/billy: Mature male Wether: Castrated male Yearling doe: Immature female Kid: Neonate Buck kid: Male less than one year Doe kid: Female less than one year Kidding: Act of parturition

  7. Sheep – Ovis aries Tail down Grazers close to soil (short tender grasses and clovers) Distant and aloof Distinct philtrum Curved horns Goats – Capra Hircus Tail up (unless sick) Natural browsers on top of plants (twigs, vine, shrubs) Curious and independent Distinct odor as they mature Straight horns Sheep and Goats: Both family Bovidae

  8. Sheep & Goat Overview • Originated: Europe and cooler regions on Asia. • Important in temperate and tropical agriculture. • Provide fibers, milk, meat, and hides. • Sheep • Milk: more nutritious • Cheese: Feta (Greece, Italy, and France), Ricotta and Pecorino Romano (Italy) and Roquefort (France) • Fiber and meat • Goat: milk, meat, fiber • Versatile and efficient: developing countries.

  9. Sheep & Goat Overview Sheep – declined in the U.S. (less than 0.2% of total farm revenue in U.S.). Mostly import. Avg: 50/ farm • Less demand for wool. • Declining demand for lamb in consumer diets. • Difficulty in obtaining/keeping reliable herders • Competition for public-owned rangeland. • Predators ~ 23% lost before maturity

  10. Basic Physical Examination

  11. Anatomical Terms for Sheep

  12. Anatomical Terms for Goats

  13. Sheep breeds • Fine wool breeds: FWB • Merino, Rambouillet • Medium wool breeds: MWB • Cheviot, Corriedale, Dorset, Finnish Sheep, Hampshire, Montadale, Oxford, Polypay, Romanov, Shropshire, Southdown, Suffolk • Long wool breeds: LWB • Cotswold, Leicester, Lincoln, Romney,

  14. Sheep Breeds • Meat Breeds or Medium wool – Mainly used for meat production – Are predominant in the U.S. – Include Dorset, Suffolk, and Hampshire • Fine Wool Breeds – Highest quality Merino from Spain and Rambouillet from France, predominant breed in Australia is the Merino • Long wool • Hair breeds

  15. Jacob • Origin: England • Two, four, or six horns • Black and white fleece • Fleece is highly sought after • Unimproved breed • Rare breed

  16. Barbado Originated in TX. Barbados Blackbelly sheep crossed with Rambouillet Hair: short hair - coarse wool with a large amount of kemp fibers. Sex: Males – horns; females - polled Color: tan, tan with a pale or black belly or pied Hair (meat)

  17. Cheviot

  18. Cheviot: MWB • Origin: Scotland • Color: White-faced sheep, wool-free face and legs, pricked ears, black muzzle/nostrils and black hooves • MWB: resilient and durable • Wool has a helical crimp • Ease of lambing & strong mothering instinct, resistant to cold, windy climate • Tend to be resistant to worms and footrot

  19. Dorset: MWB • Origin:Southern England • MWB • Most popular white-faced breed in the United States (2nd after Suffolk: black face) • Horned and polled varieties exist Ewes breed out of season: fall lambs

  20. Dorset White: ear, nose, face and legs, pink skin; Wool: head and legs, Polled and horned

  21. Dorset (cont’d)

  22. Columbia: MWB • Developed by USDA: long wool breeds crossed with high quality Rambouillet • Developed to thrive on Western ranges • Produce medium wool and large amounts of meat

  23. Corriedale: MWB • Origin: New Zealand & Southern England • Most popular breed in South America • White face, ear, legs and wool on head and legs • meat and wool • bulky, high density wool

  24. Corriedale

  25. Corriedale (cont’d)

  26. Royal White • hair breed, privately funded in Hermleigh, Texas (heat resistant) • longer hair coat in the fall - shed spring. • pure white. • Ewes and rams are polled •  Scrapie resistant?

  27. Southdown: MWB • Origin: England • suited to farm flock production • Medium size: good conformation • Polled • Medium ears carried erect • Light brown face and legs with wool on head and legs • Adapted to wet conditions

  28. Southdown

  29. Oxford: MWB • Origin: England • 2nd largest sheep breed • Brown/gray face and legs • White with black ears and bridge of nose • Meat-type breed • forage for its own food

  30. Oxford

  31. Hampshire: MWB • Origin: Hampshire, England • Popular: Midwest • Black face, legs, nose • Mild demeanor • Polled • Unbroken wool cap • Meat, multiple births (wool)

  32. Hampshire

  33. Suffolk • Origin: England • Most popular breed - US • Large • large amounts of meat • White with black faces, ears and legs; droopy ears • Polled • Great market lambs

  34. Suffolk

  35. Merino: FWB • Origin: Spain • Most popular breed in Australia • wool breed: high quality • White-faced and legs, white wool on head and legs. Skin: pale • Rams: horned; ewes polled • A, B, C • American merinos: Wrinkled skin A > B • C: Little wrinkle: Delaine Merinos, popular US

  36. Merino

  37. Rambouillet • Origin: France • Developed from Spanish Merino • White-faced and legs, white wool on head and legs Skin: pale • Rams: horned/polled; ewes polled • Large angular body • Western states

  38. Rambouillet

  39. Lincoln: LWB • Origin: England • largest breed of sheep • Long-wool • White faces and legs • Polled • Pronounced forelock between the ears, ringlets - wool • Crossbreeding programs

  40. Lincoln

  41. Breeds of Goat • Common meat breeds • Boer • Spanish • Pygmy • Common dairy breeds • French Alpine • LaMancha • Nubian • Saanen • Toggenburg • Common fiber breed • Angora • Cashmere

  42. Goats • Meat Breeds: BoerGoat – White with brown head from South Africa • Milk breeds: Nubian, Toggenburg, Saanen, Oberhasli, Lamanche, Alpine – Heavy milk producers per body size vs. cattle production per body size • Hair breeds for Mohair (Angora) and Cashmere

  43. Major Breeds of GoatsToggenburg (Switzerland) Oberhasli kid with wattles • Medium in size • Hair is short or medium in length • Ears are Erect and Forward • Face may be straight or dished • Color is solid varying from • Usually polled light fawn to dark chocolate • Distinct white markings • white ears with dark spot in middle • two white stripes down face from above each eye • white legs below knee and hock • white triangle on either side of the tail. • some have wattles Dairy Breed

  44. Toggenburg

  45. Major Breeds of GoatsAlpine (French Alps) - Dairy • Medium to large sized • only breed with erect ears • all colors and combinations of colors: Pure white, black; shades: fawn, brown, gray buff, red • Hair is medium to short • straight face with roman nose • Polled and horned http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/breeds/goats/ Dairy Breed

  46. French Alpine

  47. Major Breeds GoatsGolden Guernsey (Channel island: British) • color varies from cream to brown • usually polled • lower in milk production than most Swiss breeds • higher in butter fat and protein % Dairy Breed

  48. Major Breeds of GoatsSaanen(Switzerland) (NOT ROYAL WHITE) Dairy Breed • Usually yields 3-4% milkfat: “Queen of dairy goats” • medium to large in size • white or light cream in color. • Ears are erect and carried forward. • Face straight or dished • Are popular in US with dairies due to the quantity of milk they produce. • Large size, vitality, herd compatibility, great temperament

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