The Study on Consuming Behavior of Beijing’s Residents based on Survey Data

1. IAEE2011, Stockholm, Sweden The Study on Consuming Behavior of Beijing’s Residents based on Survey Data Dr. WU Gang Associate Professor at the Institute of Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences Visiting Scholar at Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

2. Contents • China’sEnergyConsumptionSituation • Questionnaire Data Statistics • Results Analysis • SomeConclusions

3. China World Ranking Today • 2ndlargest energyconsumer • 2ndlargest oilimporter • 1st: biggest coalproducer • 1st: biggest carbonemitter • 1st: biggest SO2emitter • 1st: largest developingcountry • 1st: highest windpowerinstalledcapacity

4. Mtce 2ndlargest energyconsumer The energy consumption in 1953-2009 (Data from BP) As the second-largest energy consumer and the largest carbon emissions country in the world, China consumed 3.24 billion tons standard coal in 2010; the share of fossil energy was as high as 91.2% and coal accounted for 70% of primary energy consumption.

5. China’s energy consumption character Share of fossil energy only decreased 4% from 1980 to 2008 70% The structure of CHINA’S energy consumption, 1980-2008 (Data from CSY, 2010) Share of fossil energy decreased 8% from 1973 to 2008 structure of WORLD energy consumption 1973、 2008 (source from IEA, 2010)

6. Improve of China’s energy security and climate protection The object of renewable energy development for different countries Source from Xiong and Wu, 2009, China Energy The law and policy of China renewable energy or climate protection

7. Activity of Chinese government • Implemented the policy of “energy-saving and emission reduction” in 2006 (It put forward a binding target of decreasing energy consumption per unit GDP by about 20% and reducing the total emission of main pollutants by 10% from 2006-2010).

8. Activity of Chinese government • The Ministry of Science and Technology of China has organized experts to study the quantitative indicators of people's energy-saving and emission-reduction potentials and drawn up “Energy-saving and Emission Reduction Manual for the Public–36 Quantitative Indicators of People’s Energy-saving and Emission Reduction Potentials in Daily-life Behaviors” in 2008. • The National Energy Conservation Center also initiated in the first day of 2010 a nationwide advocating activity “I Promise Energy-saving and Emission Reduction” and joined with China Mobile, China Unicom and China Telecom to send public-service short messages of energy-saving and emission reduction to all mobile-phone users in China.

9. Beijing residents energy consumption • Beijinghas17.55 millionpopulation, itstotal energy consumption is 65.70 million tce and the terminal daily-life energy using is 11.67 million tce, accounting for about 17.80% of total energy consumption, higher than the national average level. • It is importance to rationally guide resident’s energy-saving and emission reduction behaviors, fully understand their energy-using habits, consumption selection and tendencies. • From this point of view, we carried out questionnaires of consuming behaviors for Beijing residents to systematically analyze the tendency of resident’s consuming behaviors.

10. Motivation • What are the consuming tendencies of Beijing residents? • What are the effects of incomes and education for consuming tendencies?

11. Review process of questionnaires Review process of questionnaires on Beijing resident’s consuming behaviors

12. Basic information statistics of interviewees Basic information statistics of interviewees among valid questionnaires

13. Contents • China’sEnergyConsumptionSituation • Questionnaire Data Statistics • Results Analysis • SomeConclusions

14. Relationship between consuming tendency and income of interviewee The consuming behavior of residents will be changed with the growth of income, when the monthly income of interviewees increasing 10%, the priority choices of interviewees are traveling and saving; when the monthly income increasing 100%, the priority choices of interviewees are changed to buy house and car. Changes of resident’s consuming tendency at different increase rates of monthly incomes

15. Relationship between consuming tendency and education of interviewee Interviewees with higher education have higher tendency to buy houses and lower tendency to save. Changes of consuming tendency of interviewees with different education

16. Relationship between consuming tendency and family incomes of interviewee Interviewees with higher per capita family incomes have higher tendency to buy houses and lower tendency to save. Changes of consuming tendency of interviewees with different family incomes

17. Energy-efficient appliances haven’t become the priority choice of consumers • Young people pay more attention to the appearance while middle-aged and old consumers pay more attention to after-sales services. • Interviewees with higher education more emphasize on the indicator of energy consumption. • Among interviewees with different family incomes, there is little difference in their preferences of purchasing home appliances. About 60% from older 35 years old About 85% from younger 35 years old Main factors considered when residents purchase home appliances

18. Low-carbon travel is just because of no other choices • Survey on the travel mode in daily life (go to work and go shopping) reveals that, about 57.3% interviewees choose public transportation, 16.6% choose bicycles, 7.1% by foot and 19.0% choose private cars (there are about 11 private cars every 100 families in Beijing in 2010). • That is to say, car owners will not give up their cars and select public transportation as their travel mode. • In terms of ages, the interviewees younger than 35 mainly choose public transportation to go to work and go shopping in their daily life, accounting for an obvious higher percentage than those older than 35. • In terms of education, many interviewees with university education prefer to drive private cars in their daily life, accounting for the highest percentage. • In terms of family incomes, most high-income families prefer to drive private cars as their travel mode, accounting for the highest percentage and the lowest for those choosing to go on foot.

19. Conclusions • As incomes increase, resident’s consuming behaviors will witness big changes. When the monthly income rises by 10%, the top priorities of interviewees are traveling and saving, accounting for 33.0% and 17.7% respectively. When the monthly income rises by 100%, the top priorities are houses and private cars, accounting for 39.7% and 17.9% respectively. • When residents want to purchase home appliances, energy-efficient and environment-friendly products aren’t often their priority choice; only 27.9% families have all their home appliances identified with energy saving. • The residents mainly depend on public transportation and bicycles as their travel modes, accounting for about 80%. However, it relates to the inventory of private cars in Beijing.

20. Conclusions and suggestions • The questionnaire results show that, the energy-saving awareness of the residents in Beijing needs strengthening, especially those younger than 35 years old. • The living mode of the resident is changing from the traditional saving mode to the spending mode. • People with increased incomes prefer to purchase houses and private cars (high energy consumption and high spending).

21. Appendix: questionnaire

22. Thanks for your attention!