Medical Terminology

1. Dr. Michael P. Gillespie Medical Terminology

2. Descriptive – descriptive medical terms describes the shape, size, color, function etc. of the anatomical structure. • Eponyms – literally “putting a name upon” - are used to honor someone who first discovered or described an anatomical structure, diagnosed a disease, or developed a medical instrument or procedure. • Eponyms give no useful information about what the item is or where it is located. Categories of Medical Terms

3. Analyze words by dividing them into component parts. • Do not simply memorize terms. • Break words up into their component parts. • Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body. • The medical terms will be easier to understand if you know their context in health and disease processes. • Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems. • Some medical terms are pronounced alike, but spelled differently (i.e. ilium and ileum). • Some medical terms are similar and a mispronunciation can lean to a misunderstanding (i.e. urethra and ureter). Objectives

4. Root – the root is the foundation of the word. All medical words have one or more roots. Prefix – word beginning. Usually identifies some subdivision or part of the central meaning. Suffix – word ending. Modifies the central meaning. Combining vowel – usuallu an “o”. Links the root to a suffix or another root. Combining form – combination of the root plus the combining vowel. Elements of medical terms

5. 1. Read the meaning of the medical terms from the suffix back to the beginning of the term and across. 2. Drop the combining vowel (usually o) before a suffix beginning with a vowel: gastritis not “gastroitis”. 3. Keep the combining vowel between two roots: gastroenterology, not “gastrentology”. 3 General Rules

6. Itis = inflammation (tonsillitis, appendicitis, hepatitis) Osis = abnormal condition (cyanosis) Ectomy = to cut out [remove] (appendectomy, tonsillectomy) Otomy = to cut into (tracheotomy) Ostomy = to make a [mouth] (colostomy) A / an = without / none (anemia, areflexia) Common prefixes and suffixes

7. Micro = small (microscopic) Macro = large (macroscopic) Mega / megaly = enlarged (megacolon, organomegaly) Scopy / scopic = to look / observe (colonoscopy) Graphy / graph = recording an image (mammography) Gram = the image (mammogram) Ology / ologist = study / specialize in (cardiologist, rheumatology) Common prefixes and suffixes

8. Word Roots for organs

9. Word Roots for organs

10. Word Roots for organs

11. abdomin/o abdomen adip/o fat anter/o front bol/o to cast (throw) Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

12. cervic/o neck (of the body or uterus) chondr/o cartilage chrom/o color coccyg/o coccyx (tailbone) Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

13. crani/o skull cyt/o cell dist/o far, distant dors/o back portion of the body Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

14. hist/o tissue ili/o ilium (of the pelvic bone) inguin/o groin kary/o nucleus Combining Forms, Suffixes and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

15. later/o side lumb/o lower back medi/o middle nucle/o nucleus Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

16. pelv/i pelvis poster/o back, behind proxim/o nearest sacr/o sacrum Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

17. sarc/o flesh spin/o spine, backbone thel/o nipple thorac/o chest trache/o trachea, windpipe Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

18. umbilic/o navel, umbilicus ventr/o belly side of the body vertebro vertebra(e), backbone viscer/o internal organs Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

19. ana- up cata- down epi- above hypo- below inter- between meta- change Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Combining Form Meaning

20. -eal pertaining to -iac pertaining to -ior pertaining to -ism process, condition -ose pertaining to, full of -plasm formation -somes bodies -type picture, classification Combining Forms, Suffixes, and Prefixes Suffix Meaning

21. ā as in āpe ē as in ēven ī as in īce ō as in ōpen ū as in ūnit ă as in ăpple ĕ as in ĕvery ĭ as in ĭnterest ŏ as in pŏt ŭ as in ŭnder Pronunciation Guide Review

22. angi/o vessel • aort/o aorta • arter/o artery • arteri/o artery • ather/o yellowish plaque • atri/o atrium Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

23. brachi/o arm • cardi/o heart • cholesterol/o cholesterol • coron/o heart • cyan/o blue • myx/o mucus Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

24. ox/o oxygen pericardi/o pericardium phleb/o vein sphygm/o pulse steth/o chest thromb/o clot Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

25. valvul/o valve valv/o valve vas/o vessel vascul/o vessel ven/o, ven/i vein ventricul/o ventricle Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

26. COMBINING FORMS • angi/o vessel • aort/o aorta • arter/o artery • arteri/o artery • ather/o yellowish plaque • atri/o atrium Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

27. COMBINING FORMS brachi/o arm cardi/o heart cholesterol/o cholesterol coron/o heart cyan/o blue myx/o mucus Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

28. COMBINING FORMS ox/o oxygen pericardi/o pericardium phleb/o vein pulmon/o long rrhythm/o rhythmn sphygm/o pulse steth/o chest thromb/o clot Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

29. COMBINING FORMS valvul/o valve valv/o valve vas/o vessel vascul/o vessel ven/o, ven/i vein ventricul/o ventricle Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

30. SUFFIXES • -constriction narrowing • -dilation widening; stretching; expanding • -emia blood condition • -graphy process of recording • -lysis breakdown; separation; destruction; loosening • -megaly enlargement Review Sheet Suffix Meaning

31. SUFFIXES • -meter measure • -oma tumor; mass; fluid collection • -osis condition; usually abnormal • -plasty surgical repair • -sclerosis hardening • -stonosis tightening; structure • -tomy process of cutting Review Sheet Suffix Meaning

32. PREFIXES • a-, an no; not; without • brady- slow • de- lack of; down; less; removal of • dys- bad; painful; difficult; abnormal • endo- in; within • hyper- above; excessive Review Sheet Prefix Meaning

33. PREFIXES • hypo- deficient; below; under; less than normal • inter- between • peri- surrounding • tachy- fast • tetra- four • tri- three Review Sheet Prefix Meaning

34. bas/o base • chrom/o color • coagul/o clotting • cyt/o cell • eosin/o red, dawn, rosy • erythr/o red Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

35. granul/o granules hem/o blood hemat/o blood hemoglobin/o hemoglobin is/o same, equal kary/o nucleus Terminology Combining Form Meaning

36. leuk/o white • mon/o one, single • morph/o shape, form • myel/o bone marrow • neutr/o neutral • nucle/o nucleus Combining Forms and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

37. phag/o eat, swallow • poikil/o varied, irregular • sider/o iron • spher/o globe, round • thromb/o clot Terminology Combining Form Meaning

38. Suffixes • -apheresis • -blast • -cyte • -cytosis • -emia • -globin • -globulin • -lytic • -oid • -osis • -penia • -phage • -philia • -phoresis • -poiesis • -stasis

39. COMBINING FORMS bas/o base chrom/o color coagul/o clotting cyt/o cell eosin/o red, dawn, rosy erythr/o red Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

40. COMBINING FORMS • granul/o granules • hem/o blood • hemat/o blood • hemoglobin/o hemoglobin • is/o same, equal • kary/o nucleus Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

41. COMBINING FORMS leuk/o white mon/o one, single morph/o shape, form myel/o bone marrow neutr/o neutral nucle/o nucleus Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

42. COMBINING FORMS phag/o eat, swallow poikil/o varied, irregular sider/o iron spher/o globe, round thromb/o clot Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

43. COMBINING FORMS • immun/o protection • lymph/o lymph • lymphaden/o lymph node • splen/o spleen • thym/o thymus gland • tox/o poison Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Terminology Combining Form Meaning

44. PREFIXES • ana- again, anew • inter- between Combining Forms, Prefixes, and Terminology Prefix Meaning

45. COMBINING FORMS axill/o armpit cervic/o neck; cervix (neck of uterus) immun/o immune; protection; safe inguin/o groin lymph/o lymph lymphaden/o lymph gland (node) Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

46. COMBINING FORMS splen/o spleen thym/o thymus gland tox/o poison Review Sheet Combining Form Meaning

47. SUFFIXES -cytosis condition of cells; slight increase in numbers -edema swelling -globulin protein -megaly enlargement -oid resembling -pathy disease; emotion Review Sheet Suffix Meaning

48. SUFFIXES -penia deficiency -phylaxis protection -poiesis formation -stitial to set; pertaining to standing or positioned -suppression to stop Review Sheet Suffix Meaning

49. PREFIXES • ana- up; apart; backward; again; anew • auto- self; own • hyper- above; excessive • inter- between • retro- behind; back; backward Review Sheet Prefix Meaning

50. COMBINING FORMS • adip/o fat • albin/o white • caus/o burn, burning • cauter/o heat, burn • cutane/o skin • derm/o/ skin Combining Forms Combining Form Meaning